{"entries":[{"key":"LX.IAS20.000001","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.SCOPE.OBJECTIVE_AND_SCOPE"],"dimension":"RULE_KNOWLEDGE","format":"TRUE_FALSE","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"PURPOSE_OF_STANDARD","difficulty":"BEGINNER","estimated_time_s":40,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000001","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000001","section_id":"understand"},"references":["IAS 20 §1"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"IAS 20 deals with the accounting for government grants and the disclosures about grants and other government assistance.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"This is the purpose of the standard (IAS 20). Rule to remember: IAS 20 covers the accounting for grants and disclosure about grants and other assistance.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Thinking IAS 20 also deals with the entity's income taxes.","es":""},"format":"TRUE_FALSE","answer":true},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000002","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.SCOPE.OBJECTIVE_AND_SCOPE"],"dimension":"RECOGNITION","format":"FILL_BLANK","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"PURPOSE_FILL","difficulty":"BEGINNER","estimated_time_s":45,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000001","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000001","section_id":"understand"},"references":["IAS 20 §1"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Complete the sentence.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"IAS 20 deals with government grants and disclosure about assistance (IAS 20). Rule to remember: the purpose of the standard is the accounting for grants and disclosure about government assistance.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Choosing “investments” or “liabilities”: IAS 20 deals with government grants and disclosure of other government assistance.","es":""},"format":"FILL_BLANK","text":{"fr":"","en":"IAS 20 prescribes the accounting for government {{b1}} and disclosure about other government assistance.","es":""},"blanks":[{"id":"b1","mode":"CHOICE","choices":[{"id":"a","text":{"fr":"","en":"equity stakes","es":""}},{"id":"b","text":{"fr":"","en":"grants","es":""}},{"id":"c","text":{"fr":"","en":"debts","es":""}}],"answer":"b"}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000003","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.SCOPE.DEFINITIONS"],"dimension":"RECOGNITION","format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","context":"MANUFACTURING","tested_point":"GRANT_VS_ASSISTANCE","difficulty":"BEGINNER","estimated_time_s":60,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000001","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000001","section_id":"rule-definitions"},"references":["IAS 20 §3"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"A ministry pays €250,000 to a factory on condition that it buys and installs a production line. How should the amount be classified?","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"The main condition is the purchase of a long-term asset: the amount is a grant related to assets (IAS 20).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Classifying as an income grant every amount that does not come from a customer.","es":""},"format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"Grant related to income","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The main condition is the acquisition of a long-term asset: the amount is related to assets, not to income (IAS 20).","es":""}},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"Forgivable loan","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Nothing indicates that the amount must be returned: it is paid against an investment condition (IAS 20).","es":""}},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"Normal transaction with the State","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The factory delivers nothing to the ministry: it is not the price of goods or services (IAS 20).","es":""}},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"Grant related to assets","es":""},"correct":true}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000004","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.SCOPE.DEFINITIONS"],"dimension":"RECOGNITION","format":"CLASSIFICATION","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"CLASSIFY_AID","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","estimated_time_s":90,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000001","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000001","section_id":"rule-definitions"},"references":["IAS 20 §3"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Classify each amount received according to its nature.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"The main condition decides: acquiring long-term assets (warehouse, trucks) gives an asset grant; funding current costs (wages, training) an income grant; an advance to be repaid unless forgiven is a loan (IAS 20). Rule to remember: we classify according to the main condition and the consideration.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Classifying as an asset grant any aid paid to an industrial company.","es":""},"format":"CLASSIFICATION","categories":[{"id":"asset","text":{"fr":"","en":"Grant related to assets","es":""}},{"id":"income","text":{"fr":"","en":"Grant related to income","es":""}},{"id":"loan","text":{"fr":"","en":"Forgivable loan","es":""}}],"items":[{"id":"i1","text":{"fr":"","en":"€120,000 to build a warehouse","es":""},"category":"asset"},{"id":"i2","text":{"fr":"","en":"€60,000 to cover the wages of six new hires","es":""},"category":"income"},{"id":"i3","text":{"fr":"","en":"€80,000 advanced, to be repaid if the programme is not completed","es":""},"category":"loan"},{"id":"i4","text":{"fr":"","en":"€200,000 to buy trucks","es":""},"category":"asset"},{"id":"i5","text":{"fr":"","en":"€30,000 to fund training courses","es":""},"category":"income"}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000005","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.SCOPE.DEFINITIONS"],"dimension":"RULE_KNOWLEDGE","format":"MATCHING","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"TERMS_MATCHING","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","estimated_time_s":75,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000001","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000001","section_id":"rule-definitions"},"references":["IAS 20 §3"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Match each term to its description.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Each term has its own description (IAS 20). Rule to remember: asset grant, income grant, forgivable loan and government assistance are four distinct notions.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Confusing government assistance and grant: a grant is only one form of assistance.","es":""},"format":"MATCHING","left":[{"id":"l1","text":{"fr":"","en":"Grant related to assets","es":""}},{"id":"l2","text":{"fr":"","en":"Grant related to income","es":""}},{"id":"l3","text":{"fr":"","en":"Forgivable loan","es":""}},{"id":"l4","text":{"fr":"","en":"Government assistance","es":""}}],"right":[{"id":"r4","text":{"fr":"","en":"Notion broader than the grant","es":""}},{"id":"r1","text":{"fr":"","en":"Main condition: acquire or build long-term assets","es":""}},{"id":"r2","text":{"fr":"","en":"Grant that is not related to assets","es":""}},{"id":"r3","text":{"fr":"","en":"Advance repaid only if the conditions are not met","es":""}}],"pairs":[{"left":"l1","right":"r1"},{"left":"l2","right":"r2"},{"left":"l3","right":"r3"},{"left":"l4","right":"r4"}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000006","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.SCOPE.EXCLUSIONS"],"dimension":"RECOGNITION","format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"OUT_OF_SCOPE_TAX","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","estimated_time_s":55,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000001","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000001","section_id":"rule-exclusions"},"references":["IAS 20 §2"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Which of these benefits is excluded from the scope of IAS 20?","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Tax benefits, whether they act on the base or on the tax, are excluded from the scope (IAS 20, para. 2).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Treating a tax benefit as an IAS 20 grant.","es":""},"format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"An amount paid to fund the purchase of a machine","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The amount funds an asset and falls under IAS 20 as a grant related to assets.","es":""}},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"Assistance paid to cover the wages of new hires","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"It compensates current costs: it is an income grant, within scope (IAS 20).","es":""}},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"A reduced tax rate granted to the entity","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"An asset handed over free of charge by a local authority","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"A non-monetary asset received as a grant is dealt with by IAS 20 (IAS 20).","es":""}}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000007","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.SCOPE.EXCLUSIONS"],"dimension":"RECOGNITION","format":"MULTIPLE_CHOICE","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"OUT_OF_SCOPE_LIST","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","estimated_time_s":70,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000001","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000001","section_id":"rule-exclusions"},"references":["IAS 20 §2"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Which situations are excluded from the scope of IAS 20? (several answers)","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"State equity participation, IAS 41 grants and tax benefits are excluded; the amount paid for equipment is an IAS 20 grant (IAS 20, para. 2). Rule to remember: grants that are not excluded fall under IAS 20.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Classifying the State entry into capital as a grant.","es":""},"format":"MULTIPLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"An amount paid by the region to buy equipment","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"This is a grant related to assets, within the scope of IAS 20.","es":""}},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"The State takes 30% of the entity capital","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"A grant on an agricultural activity covered by IAS 41","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"A relief from income tax","es":""},"correct":true}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000008","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.SCOPE.GOVERNMENT_ASSISTANCE_FORMS"],"dimension":"RECOGNITION","format":"TRUE_FALSE","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"NORMAL_TRANSACTION","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","estimated_time_s":60,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000001","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000001","section_id":"rule-forms"},"references":["IAS 20 §4","IAS 20 §5","IAS 20 §6"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Verlande sells supplies to a ministry at the usual price and on usual terms: the price received is government assistance to be accounted for as a grant.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"A normal transaction with the State is not assistance (IAS 20). Rule to remember: a sale on usual terms to a public customer is not a grant.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Treating a normal sale to the State as government assistance.","es":""},"format":"TRUE_FALSE","answer":false},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000009","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.SCOPE.GOVERNMENT_ASSISTANCE_FORMS"],"dimension":"ANALYSIS","format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"ASSISTANCE_NOT_VALUABLE","difficulty":"ADVANCED","estimated_time_s":80,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000001","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000001","section_id":"rule-forms"},"references":["IAS 20 §4","IAS 20 §5","IAS 20 §6"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"A public agency gives Verlande free advice whose value cannot reasonably be estimated. Which analysis applies?","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Assistance that cannot reasonably be valued is not recognised at an estimated amount (IAS 20).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Estimating a value at all costs in order to record the assistance as a grant.","es":""},"format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"Record a grant at the amount the same advice would cost on the market","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Assistance that cannot be valued is not recorded at an estimated amount (IAS 20).","es":""}},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"The assistance is not recorded at an estimated amount as a grant","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"Classify it as a grant related to assets","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"No asset is acquired: the asset classification does not apply (IAS 20).","es":""}},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"Treat it as a repayable loan","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Nothing indicates an obligation to return (IAS 20).","es":""}}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000010","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.SCOPE.DEFINITIONS"],"dimension":"ANALYSIS","format":"ERROR_SPOT","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"DEFINITION_ERRORS","difficulty":"ADVANCED","estimated_time_s":100,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000001","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000001","section_id":"rule-definitions"},"references":["IAS 20 §3"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Spot the erroneous statements.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"The errors come from confusing any public amount with a grant, and confusing assets with income (IAS 20). Rule to remember: we classify according to the consideration and the main condition.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Classifying every amount received from a public body as a grant.","es":""},"format":"ERROR_SPOT","statements":[{"id":"e1","text":{"fr":"","en":"Every amount received from a public body is a grant.","es":""},"erroneous":true,"correction":{"fr":"","en":"A grant is a public transfer in return for compliance with conditions; the price of a normal sale is not one (IAS 20).","es":""}},{"id":"e2","text":{"fr":"","en":"A grant related to assets has as main condition the acquisition or construction of long-term assets.","es":""},"erroneous":false},{"id":"e3","text":{"fr":"","en":"Assistance to fund wages is a grant related to assets.","es":""},"erroneous":true,"correction":{"fr":"","en":"Assistance that funds wages is related to income, not to assets (IAS 20).","es":""}},{"id":"e4","text":{"fr":"","en":"Government assistance is a broader notion than a grant.","es":""},"erroneous":false}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000011","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.RECOGNITION.REASONABLE_ASSURANCE"],"dimension":"RULE_KNOWLEDGE","format":"TRUE_FALSE","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"TWO_CONDITIONS","difficulty":"BEGINNER","estimated_time_s":40,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000002","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000002","section_id":"rule-assurance"},"references":["IAS 20 §7"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"A grant is recognised only if there is reasonable assurance that the entity will comply with the conditions and will receive the grant.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"These are the two conditions for recognition (IAS 20, para. 7). Rule to remember: reasonable assurance of compliance and of receipt is needed.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Retaining only one of the two conditions.","es":""},"format":"TRUE_FALSE","answer":true},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000012","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.RECOGNITION.REASONABLE_ASSURANCE"],"dimension":"RECOGNITION","format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"ASSURANCE_THRESHOLD","difficulty":"BEGINNER","estimated_time_s":60,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000002","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000002","section_id":"rule-assurance"},"references":["IAS 20 §7"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"What condition does the standard set for recognising a grant?","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"The standard requires reasonable assurance on two points, without a numerical threshold (IAS 20, para. 7).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Applying a probability percentage as if it were imposed.","es":""},"format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"Reasonable assurance of complying with the conditions and of receiving the grant","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"A probability of at least 90% of obtaining the grant, as assessed by the authority","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The standard speaks of reasonable assurance, a judgement of the case; it sets no percentage (IAS 20, para. 7).","es":""}},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"Filing the application with the authority","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"A filing gives neither the assurance of meeting the conditions nor of receiving the amount (IAS 20, para. 7).","es":""}},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"Collection of the whole amount","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Collection is not required and does not prove compliance with the conditions (IAS 20, para. 7).","es":""}}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000013","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.RECOGNITION.REASONABLE_ASSURANCE"],"dimension":"APPLICATION","format":"CLASSIFICATION","context":"MANUFACTURING","tested_point":"RECOGNISE_NOW_OR_NOT","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","estimated_time_s":90,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000002","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000002","section_id":"example"},"references":["IAS 20 §7"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"For each situation (case data), indicate whether the grant can be recognised.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Each classification is a judgement on the facts of the case: are compliance and receipt reasonably assured? (IAS 20, para. 7) Rule to remember: recognise only if both assurances exist.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Recognising as soon as the public body gives its agreement in principle.","es":""},"format":"CLASSIFICATION","categories":[{"id":"now","text":{"fr":"","en":"Recognise now","es":""}},{"id":"wait","text":{"fr":"","en":"Do not recognise yet","es":""}}],"items":[{"id":"i1","text":{"fr":"","en":"Agreement signed; the company is meeting its commitments on schedule","es":""},"category":"now"},{"id":"i2","text":{"fr":"","en":"File submitted two months ago, no answer","es":""},"category":"wait"},{"id":"i3","text":{"fr":"","en":"Approval obtained, but the company knows it cannot keep the jobs required","es":""},"category":"wait"},{"id":"i4","text":{"fr":"","en":"Award decision notified; first milestone reached and resources available for the rest","es":""},"category":"now"}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000014","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.RECOGNITION.REASONABLE_ASSURANCE"],"dimension":"RULE_KNOWLEDGE","format":"MULTIPLE_CHOICE","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"ASSURANCE_STATEMENTS","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","estimated_time_s":75,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000002","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000002","section_id":"rule-assurance"},"references":["IAS 20 §7"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Which statements about reasonable assurance are correct? (several answers)","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Reasonable assurance concerns compliance and receipt, and is assessed on the facts with no imposed threshold (IAS 20, para. 7).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Presenting a practice threshold as a rule of the standard.","es":""},"format":"MULTIPLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"It is a judgement on the facts of the case","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"It corresponds to a 75% threshold","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The standard sets no numerical threshold: a percentage is an entity convention (IAS 20, para. 7).","es":""}},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"It concerns compliance with the conditions attached to the grant","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"It also concerns receipt of the grant","es":""},"correct":true}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000015","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.RECOGNITION.REASONABLE_ASSURANCE"],"dimension":"RECOGNITION","format":"FILL_BLANK","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"ASSURANCE_FILL","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","estimated_time_s":60,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000002","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000002","section_id":"rule-assurance"},"references":["IAS 20 §7"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Complete the sentence.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"The standard speaks of reasonable assurance of complying with the conditions (IAS 20, para. 7). Rule to remember: the assurance is reasonable (judgement), neither absolute nor numerical.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Requiring absolute assurance or a numeric threshold: the standard requires reasonable assurance, assessed by judgement.","es":""},"format":"FILL_BLANK","text":{"fr":"","en":"The grant is recognised if there is {{b1}} assurance that the entity will comply with the {{b2}} and will receive the grant.","es":""},"blanks":[{"id":"b1","mode":"CHOICE","choices":[{"id":"a","text":{"fr":"","en":"absolute","es":""}},{"id":"b","text":{"fr":"","en":"50% probable","es":""}},{"id":"c","text":{"fr":"","en":"reasonable","es":""}}],"answer":"c"},{"id":"b2","mode":"CHOICE","choices":[{"id":"a","text":{"fr":"","en":"conditions","es":""}},{"id":"b","text":{"fr":"","en":"tax deadlines","es":""}},{"id":"c","text":{"fr":"","en":"expenses","es":""}}],"answer":"a"}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000016","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.RECOGNITION.REASONABLE_ASSURANCE"],"dimension":"PROFESSIONAL_JUDGMENT","format":"MINI_CASE","context":"MANUFACTURING","tested_point":"ASSURANCE_CASE","difficulty":"ADVANCED","estimated_time_s":180,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000002","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000002","section_id":"judgment"},"references":["IAS 20 §7"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Assess reasonable assurance for Kerval.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"The facts of the case support reasonable assurance; the conclusion is a documented judgement (IAS 20, para. 7). Rule to remember: recognise when compliance and receipt are reasonably assured.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Waiting for a numerical threshold or collection before recognising.","es":""},"format":"MINI_CASE","scenario":{"fr":"","en":"Teaching assumption: the fictitious company Kerval has received from its region a decision granting €500,000 to build a recycling unit, on condition that the works are completed within three years. At the closing date, the permits are obtained, 40% of the works are done on schedule, and financing of the balance is secured by signed credit lines (case data). The region has always paid its grants on time (case data).","es":""},"parts":[{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"What conclusion do the facts of the case support?","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Permits, progress on schedule, secured financing and payment history support reasonable assurance, which remains a judgement (IAS 20, para. 7).","es":""},"format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"Reasonable assurance of complying with the conditions and of receiving the grant can be concluded","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"One must wait for the grant to be collected","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Collection is not a condition for recognition (IAS 20, para. 7).","es":""}},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"One must wait for the works to be fully completed","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The standard asks for reasonable assurance, not full performance of the conditions (IAS 20, para. 7).","es":""}},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"The 90% completion threshold is not reached","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The standard sets no completion threshold (IAS 20, para. 7).","es":""}}],"id":"p1","dimension":"PROFESSIONAL_JUDGMENT"},{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Kerval's file should keep the objective evidence (award decision, schedule, financing) that supports the conclusion.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Professional judgement: the conclusion rests on retained documents, condition by condition (IAS 20, para. 7). Rule to remember: reasonable assurance is supported by objective evidence, with no imposed threshold.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Concluding there is reasonable assurance without keeping evidence: the conclusion must rest on objective evidence, condition by condition.","es":""},"format":"TRUE_FALSE","answer":true,"id":"p2","dimension":"DOCUMENTATION"}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000017","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.RECOGNITION.RECEIPT_NOT_EVIDENCE"],"dimension":"RECOGNITION","format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"RECEIPT_NOT_PROOF","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","estimated_time_s":60,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000002","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000002","section_id":"rule-receipt"},"references":["IAS 20 §8"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Dalvane has collected €200,000 as an advance on a grant. It knows the condition of maintaining employment for three years may not be met. What can be said about the receipt?","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Receipt of the grant does not by itself establish compliance with the conditions (IAS 20).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Considering the grant as earned as soon as it is collected.","es":""},"format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"It proves that the conditions are met","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Receipt does not by itself prove compliance with the conditions (IAS 20).","es":""}},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"It removes the need to examine the conditions","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The conditions must still be examined after collection (IAS 20).","es":""}},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"It makes the grant definitively earned","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"An amount collected is not earned as long as the conditions are not assured (IAS 20).","es":""}},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"It does not by itself prove that the conditions will be met","es":""},"correct":true}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000018","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.RECOGNITION.FORM_OF_RECEIPT"],"dimension":"RULE_KNOWLEDGE","format":"TRUE_FALSE","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"FORM_OF_RECEIPT","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","estimated_time_s":50,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000002","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000002","section_id":"rule-form"},"references":["IAS 20 §9"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"A grant settled by writing off a debt to the State is not a grant: it receives a different treatment from a grant paid in cash.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"The form of settlement does not change the accounting treatment (IAS 20). Rule to remember: cash or reduction of a debt to the State: same treatment of the grant.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Believing that a grant settled by offsetting a debt is not a grant.","es":""},"format":"TRUE_FALSE","answer":false},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000019","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.RECOGNITION.RECEIPT_NOT_EVIDENCE","IAS20.RECOGNITION.FORM_OF_RECEIPT"],"dimension":"ANALYSIS","format":"ERROR_SPOT","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"RECEIPT_FORM_ERRORS","difficulty":"ADVANCED","estimated_time_s":100,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000002","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000002","section_id":"rule-receipt"},"references":["IAS 20 §8","IAS 20 §9"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Spot the erroneous statements.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Rule to remember: collection is not enough to establish compliance with the conditions (IAS 20) and the form of settlement does not change the treatment (IAS 20).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Deducing from money received that the grant is earned.","es":""},"format":"ERROR_SPOT","statements":[{"id":"e1","text":{"fr":"","en":"The grant collected is earned since the money is in the account.","es":""},"erroneous":true,"correction":{"fr":"","en":"Receipt does not by itself prove that the conditions are or will be met (IAS 20).","es":""}},{"id":"e2","text":{"fr":"","en":"A grant paid by reducing a tax debt follows the same rules as a grant paid in cash.","es":""},"erroneous":false},{"id":"e3","text":{"fr":"","en":"The form of settlement decides whether the grant is related to assets or to income.","es":""},"erroneous":true,"correction":{"fr":"","en":"The nature of the grant depends on its conditions, not on its form of settlement (IAS 20).","es":""}}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000020","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.LOANS.FORGIVABLE_LOANS"],"dimension":"RULE_KNOWLEDGE","format":"TRUE_FALSE","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"FORGIVABLE_PRINCIPLE","difficulty":"BEGINNER","estimated_time_s":40,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000003","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000003","section_id":"rule-forgivable"},"references":["IAS 20 §10"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"A forgivable government loan is treated as a grant when there is reasonable assurance that the entity will meet the forgiveness conditions.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Rule to remember: reasonably assured forgiveness makes the loan be treated as a grant (IAS 20).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Recognising a forgivable loan as income when paid.","es":""},"format":"TRUE_FALSE","answer":true},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000021","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.LOANS.FORGIVABLE_LOANS"],"dimension":"RECOGNITION","format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","context":"ENERGY","tested_point":"FORGIVABLE_SCENARIO","difficulty":"BEGINNER","estimated_time_s":60,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000003","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000003","section_id":"rule-forgivable"},"references":["IAS 20 §10"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Ténelle receives €200,000 from a public agency. The amount will be forgiven if it installs solar panels before the end of next year. The installation is ordered, financed and under way. How should the amount be treated?","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"The facts of the case give reasonable assurance that the forgiveness condition will be met: the loan is treated as a grant (IAS 20).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Waiting for the forgiveness decision before any change of treatment.","es":""},"format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"As an ordinary loan until the forgiveness is granted","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"What counts is reasonable assurance of forgiveness, not its being granted (IAS 20).","es":""}},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"As a grant, because forgiveness is reasonably assured","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"As income recognised on receipt","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Being a grant does not allow everything to be recognised on receipt: the matching rules then apply (IAS 20).","es":""}},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"As a State equity stake","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Nothing indicates a capital stake: the amount is a forgivable loan (IAS 20).","es":""}}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000022","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.LOANS.BELOW_MARKET_BENEFIT"],"dimension":"CALCULATION","format":"CALCULATION","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"BENEFIT_CALC","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","estimated_time_s":90,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000003","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000003","section_id":"numeric-benefit"},"references":["IAS 20 §10A"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Calculate the benefit of the loan received by Sorvane (case assumption: the initial amount of the loan under IFRS 9 is given).","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"500,000 − 445,535 = 54,465. Rule to remember: benefit = proceeds received − initial carrying amount of the loan under IFRS 9 (IAS 20, para. 10A).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Taking the proceeds received as the benefit (500,000) instead of the difference.","es":""},"format":"CALCULATION","data":[{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Proceeds received","es":""},"value":"500000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Initial carrying amount of the loan (IFRS 9)","es":""},"value":"445535","unit":"EUR"}],"steps":[{"id":"benefit","label":{"fr":"","en":"Benefit treated as a grant","es":""},"answer":54465,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"}],"formula":{"lines":[{"step":"benefit","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Benefit treated as a grant","es":""},"expression":"a - b","variables":[{"symbol":"a","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Proceeds received","es":""},"value":500000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"b","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Initial carrying amount of the loan (IFRS 9)","es":""},"value":445535,"unit":"EUR"}],"result":54465,"unit":"EUR"}],"rationale":{"fr":"","en":"benefit = proceeds received − initial carrying amount of the loan under IFRS 9 (IAS 20, para. 10A).","es":""},"references":["REF.IAS20.10A"]}},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000023","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.LOANS.BELOW_MARKET_BENEFIT"],"dimension":"JOURNAL_ENTRY","format":"JOURNAL_ENTRY","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"BELOW_MARKET_ENTRY","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","estimated_time_s":120,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000003","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000003","section_id":"entry"},"references":["IAS 20 §10A"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Record Sorvane's entry on receipt of the loan: proceeds €500,000, initial carrying amount of the loan (IFRS 9) €445,535, benefit treated as a grant.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Debit cash 500,000; credit loan 445,535; credit grant 54,465 (IAS 20, para. 10A). Rule to remember: the loan is recorded at its initial IFRS 9 amount and the difference is the grant.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Recording the loan at 500,000 and ignoring the benefit.","es":""},"format":"JOURNAL_ENTRY","accounts":[{"id":"cash","text":{"fr":"","en":"Cash","es":""}},{"id":"loan","text":{"fr":"","en":"Government loan","es":""}},{"id":"grant","text":{"fr":"","en":"Government grant (deferred income)","es":""}}],"lines":[{"id":"l1","account":"cash","side":"DEBIT","amount":500000,"given":["account","side"]},{"id":"l2","account":"loan","side":"CREDIT","amount":445535},{"id":"l3","account":"grant","side":"CREDIT","amount":54465}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000024","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.LOANS.BELOW_MARKET_BENEFIT"],"dimension":"RULE_KNOWLEDGE","format":"MULTIPLE_CHOICE","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"BELOW_MARKET_STATEMENTS","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","estimated_time_s":75,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000003","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000003","section_id":"rule-below"},"references":["IAS 20 §10A"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Which statements about a below-market government loan are correct? (several answers)","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"The loan stays measured under IFRS 9; only the difference with the proceeds is treated as a grant (IAS 20, para. 10A). Case convention: the market rate is an assumption.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Presenting the case market rate as imposed by IAS 20.","es":""},"format":"MULTIPLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"The benefit is the difference between the initial carrying amount of the loan (IFRS 9) and the proceeds received","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"The benefit is treated as a grant","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"The loan is measured under IFRS 9 at initial recognition","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"The 5% market rate in the example is adopted by IAS 20","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The market rate is a case assumption; it belongs to IFRS 9 measurement, not IAS 20 (IAS 20, para. 10A).","es":""}}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000025","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.LOANS.BELOW_MARKET_BENEFIT"],"dimension":"APPLICATION","format":"ORDERING","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"BELOW_MARKET_STEPS","difficulty":"ADVANCED","estimated_time_s":80,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000003","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000003","section_id":"rule-below"},"references":["IAS 20 §10A"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Put in order the approach for treating a below-market government loan.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Approach: initial carrying amount of the loan (IFRS 9), comparison with the proceeds, difference treated as a grant (IAS 20, para. 10A), then matching rules. This order is a working approach, not an order imposed by the standard.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Treating the whole loan as a grant: the loan is first measured under IFRS 9; only the difference from the proceeds is a grant.","es":""},"format":"ORDERING","steps":[{"id":"s1","text":{"fr":"","en":"Determine the initial carrying amount of the loan under IFRS 9","es":""}},{"id":"s2","text":{"fr":"","en":"Compare this amount with the proceeds received","es":""}},{"id":"s3","text":{"fr":"","en":"Treat the difference as a grant","es":""}},{"id":"s4","text":{"fr":"","en":"Apply to this grant the asset or income rules according to the purpose of the loan","es":""}}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000026","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.LOANS.BELOW_MARKET_BENEFIT"],"dimension":"ANALYSIS","format":"ERROR_SPOT","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"BELOW_MARKET_ERRORS","difficulty":"ADVANCED","estimated_time_s":100,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000003","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000003","section_id":"rule-below"},"references":["IAS 20 §10A"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Spot the erroneous statements.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Rule to remember: benefit = proceeds received − initial amount under IFRS 9, treated as a grant; the market rate is a case assumption (IAS 20, para. 10A).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Confusing the proceeds received with the benefit, or presenting the case rate as imposed.","es":""},"format":"ERROR_SPOT","statements":[{"id":"e1","text":{"fr":"","en":"The benefit of a below-market loan equals the proceeds received.","es":""},"erroneous":true,"correction":{"fr":"","en":"The benefit is the difference between the initial carrying amount of the loan (IFRS 9) and the proceeds received (IAS 20, para. 10A).","es":""}},{"id":"e2","text":{"fr":"","en":"The loan is measured at initial recognition under IFRS 9.","es":""},"erroneous":false},{"id":"e3","text":{"fr":"","en":"The difference is treated as a grant.","es":""},"erroneous":false},{"id":"e4","text":{"fr":"","en":"The 5% discount rate used in the case derives from IAS 20.","es":""},"erroneous":true,"correction":{"fr":"","en":"This rate is a case assumption, drawn from the IFRS 9 measurement (IAS 20, para. 10A).","es":""}}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000027","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.LOANS.FORGIVABLE_LOANS","IAS20.LOANS.BELOW_MARKET_BENEFIT"],"dimension":"PROFESSIONAL_JUDGMENT","format":"MINI_CASE","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"LOAN_MIXED_CASE","difficulty":"ADVANCED","estimated_time_s":180,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000003","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000003","section_id":"judgment"},"references":["IAS 20 §10","IAS 20 §10A"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Analyse two government loans received by Sorvane.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Loan X depends on a judgement on the assurance of forgiveness (IAS 20); the benefit of loan Y is €54,465 (IAS 20, para. 10A). Rule to remember: reasonably assured forgiveness and a rate difference each lead to treatment as a grant.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Treating loan X as a grant before any analysis of the assurance of forgiveness.","es":""},"format":"MINI_CASE","scenario":{"fr":"","en":"Teaching assumption: the fictitious company Sorvane received two loans. Loan X (€200,000) will be forgiven if it creates 20 jobs; it has already created 15, the other five are contractually committed (case data). Loan Y (€500,000, 1% annual interest, 3 years) is granted at a below-market rate; the initial carrying amount of loan Y under IFRS 9, calculated at a market rate of 5% (case assumption), is €445,535.","es":""},"parts":[{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"How should loan X be treated?","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Fifteen jobs created and five committed can support reasonable assurance, a judgement of the case (IAS 20).","es":""},"format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"As an ordinary loan until the twentieth job is created","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The standard asks for reasonable assurance of forgiveness, not full performance of the condition (IAS 20).","es":""}},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"As income recognised in full immediately in all cases","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Qualifying as a grant does not imply immediate recognition: the matching rules follow (IAS 20).","es":""}},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"As a grant if forgiveness is judged reasonably assured on the facts","es":""},"correct":true}],"id":"p1","dimension":"PROFESSIONAL_JUDGMENT"},{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Calculate the benefit of loan Y.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"500,000 − 445,535 = 54,465. Rule to remember: benefit = proceeds received − initial amount under IFRS 9 (IAS 20, para. 10A).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Taking the proceeds (500,000) as the benefit: the benefit is the difference between the proceeds and the loan's initial IFRS 9 carrying amount.","es":""},"format":"CALCULATION","data":[{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Proceeds received","es":""},"value":"500000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Initial carrying amount (IFRS 9)","es":""},"value":"445535","unit":"EUR"}],"steps":[{"id":"benefit","label":{"fr":"","en":"Benefit","es":""},"answer":54465,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"}],"id":"p2","dimension":"CALCULATION","formula":{"lines":[{"step":"benefit","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Benefit","es":""},"expression":"a - b","variables":[{"symbol":"a","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Proceeds received","es":""},"value":500000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"b","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Initial carrying amount (IFRS 9)","es":""},"value":445535,"unit":"EUR"}],"result":54465,"unit":"EUR"}],"rationale":{"fr":"","en":"benefit = proceeds received − initial amount under IFRS 9 (IAS 20, para. 10A).","es":""},"references":["REF.IAS20.10A"]}}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000028","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.INCOME_APPROACH.PRINCIPLE"],"dimension":"RULE_KNOWLEDGE","format":"TRUE_FALSE","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"NO_DIRECT_EQUITY","difficulty":"BEGINNER","estimated_time_s":40,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000004","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000004","section_id":"rule-principle"},"references":["IAS 20 §12"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"A government grant is credited directly to the equity of the entity.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"The grant is matched to the profit or loss of the cost periods, not to equity (IAS 20, para. 12). Rule to remember: income approach: the grant passes through profit or loss.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Crediting equity directly with the grant.","es":""},"format":"TRUE_FALSE","answer":false},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000029","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.INCOME_APPROACH.SYSTEMATIC_BASIS"],"dimension":"RECOGNITION","format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"SYSTEMATIC_BASIS","difficulty":"BEGINNER","estimated_time_s":55,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000004","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000004","section_id":"rule-principle"},"references":["IAS 20 §12"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"A €90,000 grant compensates a three-year training programme. Which release to profit or loss respects the income approach?","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Income follows the periods in which the costs compensated are recognised (IAS 20, para. 12).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Taking the grant to income all at once on collection.","es":""},"format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"All of it as income on collection","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The release follows the costs compensated, not the collection date (IAS 20, para. 12).","es":""}},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"All of it as income at the end of the programme, once the training costs have been fully incurred","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The costs are recognised each year: the grant follows them (IAS 20, para. 12).","es":""}},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"A direct entry in equity","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The income approach rules out direct credit to equity (IAS 20, para. 12).","es":""}},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"A systematic release over the periods in which the training costs are recognised","es":""},"correct":true}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000030","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.INCOME_APPROACH.MATCHING"],"dimension":"RECOGNITION","format":"FILL_BLANK","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"MATCHING_FILL","difficulty":"BEGINNER","estimated_time_s":55,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000004","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000004","section_id":"rule-principle"},"references":["IAS 20 §12"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Complete the sentence.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"The release follows the periods in which the costs compensated are recognised as expenses (IAS 20, para. 12). Rule to remember: the grant is matched to the costs it compensates.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Matching the grant to income or equity: it follows the periods in which the costs it compensates are expensed.","es":""},"format":"FILL_BLANK","text":{"fr":"","en":"The grant is matched to the periods in which the entity recognises as {{b1}} the {{b2}} that it is intended to compensate.","es":""},"blanks":[{"id":"b1","mode":"CHOICE","choices":[{"id":"a","text":{"fr":"","en":"equity","es":""}},{"id":"b","text":{"fr":"","en":"expenses","es":""}},{"id":"c","text":{"fr":"","en":"liabilities","es":""}}],"answer":"b"},{"id":"b2","mode":"CHOICE","choices":[{"id":"a","text":{"fr":"","en":"dividends","es":""}},{"id":"b","text":{"fr":"","en":"revenues","es":""}},{"id":"c","text":{"fr":"","en":"costs","es":""}}],"answer":"c"}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000031","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.INCOME_APPROACH.SYSTEMATIC_BASIS","IAS20.INCOME_APPROACH.MATCHING"],"dimension":"CALCULATION","format":"CALCULATION","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"PRORATA_COSTS","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","estimated_time_s":120,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000004","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000004","section_id":"numeric-matching"},"references":["IAS 20 §12"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Brindel receives a €180,000 grant compensating a training programme whose costs are €100,000 (year 1), €150,000 (year 2) and €50,000 (year 3). Case convention: release in proportion to costs. Calculate the share released each year.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"180,000 × 100,000 ÷ 300,000 = 60,000; 180,000 × 150,000 ÷ 300,000 = 90,000; 180,000 × 50,000 ÷ 300,000 = 30,000; total 180,000. Case convention: proportion to costs. Rule to remember: the release follows the periods of the costs compensated (IAS 20, para. 12).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Spreading in three equal thirds without following the pattern of costs.","es":""},"format":"CALCULATION","data":[{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Grant","es":""},"value":"180000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Year 1 costs","es":""},"value":"100000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Year 2 costs","es":""},"value":"150000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Year 3 costs","es":""},"value":"50000","unit":"EUR"}],"steps":[{"id":"y1","label":{"fr":"","en":"Share released in year 1","es":""},"answer":60000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"},{"id":"y2","label":{"fr":"","en":"Share released in year 2","es":""},"answer":90000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"},{"id":"y3","label":{"fr":"","en":"Share released in year 3","es":""},"answer":30000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000032","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.INCOME_APPROACH.SYSTEMATIC_BASIS"],"dimension":"JOURNAL_ENTRY","format":"JOURNAL_ENTRY","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"RECEIPT_AND_RELEASE","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","estimated_time_s":150,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000004","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000004","section_id":"entry"},"references":["IAS 20 §12"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Brindel collects the €180,000 grant (reasonable assurance obtained) and at the end of year 1 recognises the €60,000 release. Record both entries in one series of lines.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Receipt: debit cash 180,000, credit deferred income 180,000. End of year 1: debit deferred income 60,000, credit other income 60,000 (IAS 20, para. 12). Rule to remember: the annual release gradually empties deferred income at the pace of the costs.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Crediting other income directly with 180,000 on collection.","es":""},"format":"JOURNAL_ENTRY","accounts":[{"id":"cash","text":{"fr":"","en":"Cash","es":""}},{"id":"di","text":{"fr":"","en":"Deferred income (grant)","es":""}},{"id":"inc","text":{"fr":"","en":"Other income (training grant)","es":""}}],"lines":[{"id":"l1","account":"cash","side":"DEBIT","amount":180000,"given":["account","side"]},{"id":"l2","account":"di","side":"CREDIT","amount":180000,"given":["account","side"]},{"id":"l3","account":"di","side":"DEBIT","amount":60000},{"id":"l4","account":"inc","side":"CREDIT","amount":60000}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000033","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.INCOME_APPROACH.DEPRECIABLE_ASSETS"],"dimension":"CALCULATION","format":"CALCULATION","context":"MANUFACTURING","tested_point":"RELEASE_WITH_DEPRECIATION","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","estimated_time_s":110,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000004","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000004","section_id":"rule-depreciable"},"references":["IAS 20 §12"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Ostrel buys a €1,200,000 machine depreciated on a straight-line basis over 8 years and receives a €240,000 asset grant (deferred income method). Calculate the annual release and the deferred income remaining after 3 years.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"240,000 ÷ 8 = 30,000; 240,000 − 3 × 30,000 = 150,000. Rule to remember: the release of a depreciable asset grant follows the pace of depreciation (IAS 20).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Releasing the grant over a period different from the depreciation period.","es":""},"format":"CALCULATION","data":[{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Cost of the machine","es":""},"value":"1200000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Grant","es":""},"value":"240000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Depreciation period","es":""},"value":"8","unit":"YEARS"}],"steps":[{"id":"rel","label":{"fr":"","en":"Annual release","es":""},"answer":30000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"},{"id":"bal","label":{"fr":"","en":"Deferred income after 3 years","es":""},"answer":150000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"}],"formula":{"lines":[{"step":"rel","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Annual release","es":""},"expression":"a / b","variables":[{"symbol":"a","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Grant","es":""},"value":240000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"b","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Depreciation period","es":""},"value":8,"unit":"YEARS"}],"result":30000,"unit":"EUR"},{"step":"bal","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Deferred income after 3 years","es":""},"expression":"a - 3 * b","variables":[{"symbol":"a","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Grant","es":""},"value":240000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"b","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Annual release","es":""},"value":30000,"unit":"EUR"}],"result":150000,"unit":"EUR"}],"rationale":{"fr":"","en":"the release of a depreciable asset grant follows the pace of depreciation (IAS 20).","es":""},"references":["REF.IAS20.12"]}},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000034","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.INCOME_APPROACH.COMPENSATION_INCURRED"],"dimension":"RECOGNITION","format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"COSTS_ALREADY_INCURRED","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","estimated_time_s":70,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000004","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000004","section_id":"rule-incurred"},"references":["IAS 20 §20"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"In year 1, Pontel bears €75,000 of damage after a flood. In year 2, the State grants it €75,000 for this damage already borne; the amount becomes receivable in year 2. When should the income be recognised?","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"A grant compensating costs already incurred is recognised in profit or loss of the period in which it becomes receivable (IAS 20, para. 20).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Spreading over the future a grant that compensates costs already incurred.","es":""},"format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"In profit or loss of year 1, the year of the damage","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"In year 1 no grant was receivable: the income arises when the grant becomes receivable (IAS 20, para. 20).","es":""}},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"In profit or loss of year 2, the period in which the grant becomes receivable","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"Spread over the following five years","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"There are no future costs left to compensate: there is no period over which to spread (IAS 20, para. 20).","es":""}},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"In equity, because the damage is exceptional","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The exceptional nature does not change the route: income passes through profit or loss (IAS 20).","es":""}}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000035","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.INCOME_APPROACH.MATCHING","IAS20.INCOME_APPROACH.COMPENSATION_INCURRED"],"dimension":"APPLICATION","format":"CLASSIFICATION","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"WHEN_RECOGNISE_GRANT","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","estimated_time_s":90,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000004","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000004","section_id":"rule-incurred"},"references":["IAS 20 §12","IAS 20 §20"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"For each grant, indicate the matching.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Future costs lead to spreading over their periods (IAS 20, para. 12); costs already incurred or support with no future costs lead to the period of receivability (IAS 20, para. 20). Rule to remember: matching depends on the costs compensated.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Spreading over the future a grant compensating costs already incurred.","es":""},"format":"CLASSIFICATION","categories":[{"id":"spread","text":{"fr":"","en":"Spread over the periods of the costs compensated","es":""}},{"id":"period","text":{"fr":"","en":"In profit or loss of the period in which it becomes receivable","es":""}}],"items":[{"id":"i1","text":{"fr":"","en":"Assistance to fund the wages of the next recruitment campaign (24 months)","es":""},"category":"spread"},{"id":"i2","text":{"fr":"","en":"Compensation aid for losses from a storm last quarter","es":""},"category":"period"},{"id":"i3","text":{"fr":"","en":"Aid for the cost of a research programme running over three years","es":""},"category":"spread"},{"id":"i4","text":{"fr":"","en":"Immediate support granted with no associated future costs","es":""},"category":"period"}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000036","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.INCOME_APPROACH.SYSTEMATIC_BASIS","IAS20.INCOME_APPROACH.MATCHING"],"dimension":"APPLICATION","format":"ORDERING","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"MATCHING_STEPS","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","estimated_time_s":80,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000004","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000004","section_id":"rule-principle"},"references":["IAS 20 §12"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Put in order the approach for releasing an income grant.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Approach: costs compensated, periods of those costs, each period's share, recognition (IAS 20, para. 12). This order is a working approach, not an order imposed by the standard.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Recognising the grant when received: each period's share follows the compensated costs recognised as expenses.","es":""},"format":"ORDERING","steps":[{"id":"s1","text":{"fr":"","en":"Identify the costs the grant compensates, from its conditions","es":""}},{"id":"s2","text":{"fr":"","en":"Find the periods in which these costs are recognised as expenses","es":""}},{"id":"s3","text":{"fr":"","en":"Calculate each period's share of the grant on the basis adopted","es":""}},{"id":"s4","text":{"fr":"","en":"Recognise each period's share in profit or loss","es":""}}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000037","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.INCOME_APPROACH.NO_EQUITY_CREDIT"],"dimension":"RULE_KNOWLEDGE","format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"WHY_NOT_EQUITY","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","estimated_time_s":60,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000004","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000004","section_id":"rule-equity"},"references":["IAS 20 §12"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Why is a grant not credited directly to equity?","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"A grant is not a capital contribution: it is taken to profit or loss according to the costs compensated (IAS 20, para. 12).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Treating a grant like a capital contribution.","es":""},"format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"Because the State becomes a shareholder of the entity","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"A State equity stake is excluded from the scope; it is not a grant (IAS 20).","es":""}},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"Because equity cannot increase during the year without a formal decision of the general meeting of shareholders","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Profit increases equity: the grant feeds it through profit (IAS 20, para. 12).","es":""}},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"Because the grant must be repaid to the State if the entity pays a dividend","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"A grant is not by nature a loan to be repaid (IAS 20).","es":""}},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"Because it is not a contribution from shareholders and passes through the profit or loss of the cost periods","es":""},"correct":true}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000038","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.INCOME_APPROACH.SPECIFIC_COSTS"],"dimension":"APPLICATION","format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","context":"PHARMA","tested_point":"SPECIFIC_COSTS","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","estimated_time_s":75,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000004","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000004","section_id":"rule-specific"},"references":["IAS 20 §17"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"A grant funds \"the salaries of the researchers on project Alpha\". Which costs should be followed to match it to periods?","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"The conditions of the grant define the costs compensated, which set the matching periods (IAS 20).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Not noting the conditions that define the costs compensated.","es":""},"format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"The salaries of the researchers on project Alpha, as recognised in expenses","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"All of the entity's staff costs for the year, across all of its projects and activities","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The conditions of the grant name precise costs; those are the ones followed (IAS 20).","es":""}},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"The revenue of project Alpha","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The grant compensates costs, not revenue (IAS 20).","es":""}},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"The date the grant is collected","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Collection does not determine the matching period (IAS 20).","es":""}}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000039","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.INCOME_APPROACH.SYSTEMATIC_BASIS","IAS20.INCOME_APPROACH.MATCHING"],"dimension":"PROFESSIONAL_JUDGMENT","format":"MINI_CASE","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"BASIS_CHOICE_CASE","difficulty":"ADVANCED","estimated_time_s":180,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000004","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000004","section_id":"judgment"},"references":["IAS 20 §12"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Choose and apply a basis of release for Fornel.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"In proportion to costs, the release is €15,000 and then €45,000 (IAS 20, para. 12). Rule to remember: the basis is a case convention that follows the pattern of the costs compensated.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Presenting the time basis as the only one possible.","es":""},"format":"MINI_CASE","scenario":{"fr":"","en":"Teaching assumption: the fictitious company Fornel receives a €60,000 grant for a two-year project. The project costs are €30,000 in year 1 and €90,000 in year 2 (case data). A colleague proposes to release €30,000 a year, that is on a time basis.","es":""},"parts":[{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"What should be answered to the colleague's proposal?","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"An allocation in proportion to costs respects better the matching to cost periods; it is a case convention (IAS 20, para. 12).","es":""},"format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"The time basis is the one to use","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The standard asks for a systematic basis tied to the costs compensated, not a time basis (IAS 20, para. 12).","es":""}},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"The grant must be released in full in year 1","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Costs are still to come in year 2: the grant follows them (IAS 20, para. 12).","es":""}},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"The time basis does not follow the pattern of the costs; a basis in proportion to costs follows them better","es":""},"correct":true}],"id":"p1","dimension":"PROFESSIONAL_JUDGMENT"},{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Calculate the share released each year in proportion to costs.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"60,000 × 30,000 ÷ 120,000 = 15,000; 60,000 × 90,000 ÷ 120,000 = 45,000. Case convention: proportion to costs. Rule to remember: the basis follows the pattern of the costs compensated (IAS 20, para. 12).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Spreading the grant equally (30,000 a year): the basis used follows the pattern of the compensated costs.","es":""},"format":"CALCULATION","data":[{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Grant","es":""},"value":"60000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Year 1 costs","es":""},"value":"30000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Year 2 costs","es":""},"value":"90000","unit":"EUR"}],"steps":[{"id":"y1","label":{"fr":"","en":"Year 1 share","es":""},"answer":15000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"},{"id":"y2","label":{"fr":"","en":"Year 2 share","es":""},"answer":45000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"}],"id":"p2","dimension":"CALCULATION"}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000040","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.INCOME_APPROACH.PRINCIPLE","IAS20.INCOME_APPROACH.SYSTEMATIC_BASIS","IAS20.INCOME_APPROACH.COMPENSATION_INCURRED"],"dimension":"ANALYSIS","format":"ERROR_SPOT","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"INCOME_APPROACH_ERRORS","difficulty":"ADVANCED","estimated_time_s":110,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000004","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000004","section_id":"rule-principle"},"references":["IAS 20 §12","IAS 20 §20"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Spot the erroneous statements.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Rule to remember: systematic release over the periods of the costs compensated (IAS 20, para. 12); period of receivability for costs already incurred (IAS 20, para. 20); no direct credit to equity (IAS 20, para. 12).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Applying a spreading rule to a grant with no future costs, or the reverse.","es":""},"format":"ERROR_SPOT","statements":[{"id":"e1","text":{"fr":"","en":"A grant collected is taken to profit or loss in full in the year of collection.","es":""},"erroneous":true,"correction":{"fr":"","en":"The release follows the periods of the costs compensated, unless the grant compensates costs already incurred (IAS 20, para. 12) (IAS 20, para. 20).","es":""}},{"id":"e2","text":{"fr":"","en":"For a depreciable asset, the release of the grant follows the pace of depreciation.","es":""},"erroneous":false},{"id":"e3","text":{"fr":"","en":"The grant is credited to equity and then recycled.","es":""},"erroneous":true,"correction":{"fr":"","en":"The income approach does not credit the grant directly to equity (IAS 20, para. 12).","es":""}},{"id":"e4","text":{"fr":"","en":"Assistance for costs already incurred is recognised in the period in which it becomes receivable.","es":""},"erroneous":false}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000041","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.NONMONETARY.FAIR_VALUE_OR_NOMINAL"],"dimension":"RECOGNITION","format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"NONMONETARY_AMOUNT","difficulty":"BEGINNER","estimated_time_s":55,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000005","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000005","section_id":"rule-fv"},"references":["IAS 20 §23"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"A region hands Tarvel a machine of fair value €90,000 (case data) free of charge. How does the entity record the asset and the grant (fair value chosen)?","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"The asset and the grant are recorded at the same amount, here fair value (IAS 20, para. 23).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Ignoring an asset received free of charge for lack of cash paid.","es":""},"format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"The asset at €90,000 and the grant at zero","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"An entry with no counterpart does not balance: the grant is recorded at the same amount (IAS 20, para. 23).","es":""}},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"No entry, since the cash is not paid","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The asset received and the grant are recognised even without cash outflow (IAS 20, para. 23).","es":""}},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"The asset at €90,000 and the grant at a nominal amount","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The nominal amount applies to both, the asset and the grant: the bases are not mixed (IAS 20, para. 23).","es":""}},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"The asset and the grant, both at €90,000","es":""},"correct":true}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000042","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.NONMONETARY.FAIR_VALUE_OR_NOMINAL"],"dimension":"RULE_KNOWLEDGE","format":"FILL_BLANK","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"NONMONETARY_FILL","difficulty":"BEGINNER","estimated_time_s":45,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000005","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000005","section_id":"rule-fv"},"references":["IAS 20 §23"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Complete the sentence.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"The standard provides fair value or a nominal amount for both (IAS 20, para. 23). Rule to remember: the asset and the grant are recorded at the same amount.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Recording the asset and the grant at different amounts: both are recognised at the same amount, fair value or nominal amount.","es":""},"format":"FILL_BLANK","text":{"fr":"","en":"An asset received as a grant is recognised at fair value, or at a {{b1}} amount for the asset and for the {{b2}}.","es":""},"blanks":[{"id":"b1","mode":"CHOICE","choices":[{"id":"a","text":{"fr":"","en":"nominal","es":""}},{"id":"b","text":{"fr":"","en":"tax","es":""}},{"id":"c","text":{"fr":"","en":"residual","es":""}}],"answer":"a"},{"id":"b2","mode":"CHOICE","choices":[{"id":"a","text":{"fr":"","en":"debt","es":""}},{"id":"b","text":{"fr":"","en":"expense","es":""}},{"id":"c","text":{"fr":"","en":"grant","es":""}}],"answer":"c"}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000043","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.NONMONETARY.FAIR_VALUE_OR_NOMINAL"],"dimension":"JOURNAL_ENTRY","format":"JOURNAL_ENTRY","context":"MANUFACTURING","tested_point":"NONMONETARY_ENTRY","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","estimated_time_s":100,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000005","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000005","section_id":"numeric-example"},"references":["IAS 20 §23"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Tarvel receives a machine of fair value €90,000 and presents the grant as deferred income. Record the entry on receipt.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Debit machine 90,000; credit deferred income 90,000; no cash (IAS 20, para. 23). Rule to remember: the asset received and the grant are recorded at the same amount.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Crediting cash although no payment was made.","es":""},"format":"JOURNAL_ENTRY","accounts":[{"id":"mach","text":{"fr":"","en":"Machine","es":""}},{"id":"di","text":{"fr":"","en":"Deferred income (grant)","es":""}},{"id":"cash","text":{"fr":"","en":"Cash","es":""}}],"lines":[{"id":"l1","account":"mach","side":"DEBIT","amount":90000,"given":["account","side"]},{"id":"l2","account":"di","side":"CREDIT","amount":90000}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000044","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.NONMONETARY.FAIR_VALUE_OR_NOMINAL"],"dimension":"CALCULATION","format":"CALCULATION","context":"MANUFACTURING","tested_point":"NONMONETARY_RELEASE","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","estimated_time_s":100,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000005","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000005","section_id":"numeric-example"},"references":["IAS 20 §23"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"The machine received by Tarvel (fair value €90,000, useful life 6 years, deferred income) is depreciated on a straight-line basis. Calculate the annual release of the grant and the deferred income remaining after 2 years.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"90,000 ÷ 6 = 15,000; 90,000 − 2 × 15,000 = 60,000. Rule to remember: the grant on an asset received is released over the useful life of the asset (IAS 20, para. 23).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Forgetting to release the grant because the machine is free.","es":""},"format":"CALCULATION","data":[{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Fair value","es":""},"value":"90000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Useful life","es":""},"value":"6","unit":"YEARS"}],"steps":[{"id":"rel","label":{"fr":"","en":"Annual release","es":""},"answer":15000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"},{"id":"bal","label":{"fr":"","en":"Deferred income after 2 years","es":""},"answer":60000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"}],"formula":{"lines":[{"step":"rel","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Annual release","es":""},"expression":"a / b","variables":[{"symbol":"a","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Fair value","es":""},"value":90000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"b","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Useful life","es":""},"value":6,"unit":"YEARS"}],"result":15000,"unit":"EUR"},{"step":"bal","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Deferred income after 2 years","es":""},"expression":"a - 2 * b","variables":[{"symbol":"a","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Fair value","es":""},"value":90000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"b","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Annual release","es":""},"value":15000,"unit":"EUR"}],"result":60000,"unit":"EUR"}],"rationale":{"fr":"","en":"the grant on an asset received is released over the useful life of the asset (IAS 20, para. 23).","es":""},"references":["REF.IAS20.23"]}},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000045","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.NONMONETARY.FAIR_VALUE_OR_NOMINAL"],"dimension":"RULE_KNOWLEDGE","format":"MULTIPLE_CHOICE","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"NONMONETARY_STATEMENTS","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","estimated_time_s":70,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000005","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000005","section_id":"rule-fv"},"references":["IAS 20 §23"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Which statements about a non-monetary grant are correct? (several answers)","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Same amount for the asset and the grant, at fair value or nominal (IAS 20, para. 23). Case convention: fair value is given.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Recording the asset and the grant at different amounts.","es":""},"format":"MULTIPLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"A nominal amount can be used for both","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"The fair value of the asset is given by IAS 20","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Fair value is a case datum; its measurement belongs to IFRS 13 (IAS 20, para. 23).","es":""}},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"The asset is recorded at zero and the grant at fair value","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Both are recorded at the same amount (IAS 20, para. 23).","es":""}},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"The asset and the grant are recorded at the same amount","es":""},"correct":true}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000046","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.NONMONETARY.FAIR_VALUE_OR_NOMINAL"],"dimension":"ANALYSIS","format":"ERROR_SPOT","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"NONMONETARY_ERRORS","difficulty":"ADVANCED","estimated_time_s":100,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000005","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000005","section_id":"pitfalls"},"references":["IAS 20 §23"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Spot the erroneous statements.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Rule to remember: the asset and the grant follow the same basis: fair value or nominal, with no mixing of bases (IAS 20, para. 23).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Mixing two measurement bases for the asset and the grant.","es":""},"format":"ERROR_SPOT","statements":[{"id":"e1","text":{"fr":"","en":"Land received free of charge is recognised only when the entity pays for it.","es":""},"erroneous":true,"correction":{"fr":"","en":"The asset received is recognised with the grant, without waiting for a payment that will not occur (IAS 20, para. 23).","es":""}},{"id":"e2","text":{"fr":"","en":"The grant can be recorded at a nominal amount if the asset is too.","es":""},"erroneous":false},{"id":"e3","text":{"fr":"","en":"The asset is recorded at fair value and the grant at a nominal amount.","es":""},"erroneous":true,"correction":{"fr":"","en":"Both are recorded at fair value, or both at a nominal amount (IAS 20, para. 23).","es":""}}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000047","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.NONMONETARY.FAIR_VALUE_OR_NOMINAL"],"dimension":"PROFESSIONAL_JUDGMENT","format":"MINI_CASE","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"NONMONETARY_CASE","difficulty":"ADVANCED","estimated_time_s":170,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000005","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000005","section_id":"judgment"},"references":["IAS 20 §23"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Compare two treatments of the same non-monetary grant received by Tarvel.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"The choice is a method allowed by the standard (IAS 20, para. 23); with fair value the annual release is €15,000. Rule to remember: the asset and the grant follow the same basis.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Presenting the method choice as imposed by the standard.","es":""},"format":"MINI_CASE","scenario":{"fr":"","en":"Teaching assumption: Tarvel receives a machine of fair value €90,000 (case data), useful life 6 years, grant presented as deferred income. The manager hesitates between fair value and a nominal amount of €1 for the asset and the grant.","es":""},"parts":[{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"What does the standard say about this choice?","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Fair value or nominal amount for both: it is a method choice (IAS 20, para. 23).","es":""},"format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"It imposes fair value in all cases","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The standard also allows a nominal amount for both (IAS 20, para. 23).","es":""}},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"It imposes the nominal amount in all cases","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Fair value is allowed; the choice is not imposed (IAS 20, para. 23).","es":""}},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"It allows both, provided the asset and the grant are recorded at the same amount","es":""},"correct":true}],"id":"p1","dimension":"PROFESSIONAL_JUDGMENT"},{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Calculate the annual release of the grant using fair value.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"90,000 ÷ 6 = 15,000. Case convention: fair value given, deferred income. Rule to remember: the grant is released over the useful life (IAS 20, para. 23).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Recognising the grant in one go when the asset is received: it is recognised over the asset's useful life.","es":""},"format":"CALCULATION","data":[{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Fair value","es":""},"value":"90000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Useful life","es":""},"value":"6","unit":"YEARS"}],"steps":[{"id":"rel","label":{"fr":"","en":"Annual release","es":""},"answer":15000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"}],"id":"p2","dimension":"CALCULATION","formula":{"lines":[{"step":"rel","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Annual release","es":""},"expression":"a / b","variables":[{"symbol":"a","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Fair value","es":""},"value":90000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"b","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Useful life","es":""},"value":6,"unit":"YEARS"}],"result":15000,"unit":"EUR"}],"rationale":{"fr":"","en":"the grant is released over the useful life (IAS 20, para. 23).","es":""},"references":["REF.IAS20.23"]}}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000048","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.ASSET_GRANTS.PRESENTATION_CHOICE"],"dimension":"RULE_KNOWLEDGE","format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","context":"MANUFACTURING","tested_point":"TWO_PRESENTATIONS","difficulty":"BEGINNER","estimated_time_s":50,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000006","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000006","section_id":"rule-choice"},"references":["IAS 20 §24"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Delvane receives €60,000 to buy a machine. What are the two presentations allowed in the balance sheet?","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"The standard provides for deferred income and deduction from the carrying amount (IAS 20, para. 24).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Presenting the method choice as imposed.","es":""},"format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"Equity, or provision","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The grant is presented neither in equity nor as a provision (IAS 20, para. 24).","es":""}},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"Income of the year, or deferred charge","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Both methods spread the grant: immediate income is not one of them (IAS 20, para. 24).","es":""}},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"Deferred income, or deduction from the carrying amount of the machine","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"Deduction from the supplier debt, or inventory","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"These are not the presentations the standard provides for an asset grant (IAS 20, para. 24).","es":""}}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000049","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.ASSET_GRANTS.DEFERRED_INCOME"],"dimension":"CALCULATION","format":"CALCULATION","context":"MANUFACTURING","tested_point":"DEFERRED_RELEASE","difficulty":"BEGINNER","estimated_time_s":90,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000006","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000006","section_id":"numeric-deferred"},"references":["IAS 20 §26"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Delvane applies deferred income. Machine €300,000, grant €60,000, 5 years, straight line, nil residual value. Calculate the annual release and the deferred income remaining after 2 years.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"60,000 ÷ 5 = 12,000; 60,000 − 2 × 12,000 = 36,000. Rule to remember: the grant is released on a systematic basis over the useful life (IAS 20, para. 26).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Releasing the grant over a period different from the useful life.","es":""},"format":"CALCULATION","data":[{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Cost","es":""},"value":"300000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Grant","es":""},"value":"60000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Useful life","es":""},"value":"5","unit":"YEARS"}],"steps":[{"id":"rel","label":{"fr":"","en":"Annual release","es":""},"answer":12000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"},{"id":"di2","label":{"fr":"","en":"Deferred income after 2 years","es":""},"answer":36000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"}],"formula":{"lines":[{"step":"rel","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Annual release","es":""},"expression":"a / b","variables":[{"symbol":"a","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Grant","es":""},"value":60000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"b","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Useful life","es":""},"value":5,"unit":"YEARS"}],"result":12000,"unit":"EUR"},{"step":"di2","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Deferred income after 2 years","es":""},"expression":"a - 2 * b","variables":[{"symbol":"a","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Grant","es":""},"value":60000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"b","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Annual release","es":""},"value":12000,"unit":"EUR"}],"result":36000,"unit":"EUR"}],"rationale":{"fr":"","en":"the grant is released on a systematic basis over the useful life (IAS 20, para. 26).","es":""},"references":["REF.IAS20.26"]}},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000050","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.ASSET_GRANTS.DEFERRED_INCOME"],"dimension":"JOURNAL_ENTRY","format":"JOURNAL_ENTRY","context":"MANUFACTURING","tested_point":"DEFERRED_YEAR_ENTRY","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","estimated_time_s":150,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000006","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000006","section_id":"entry-deferred"},"references":["IAS 20 §26"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Delvane (deferred income): record the end-of-year-1 entries — depreciation on gross cost and release of the grant.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Debit depreciation 60,000, credit accumulated depreciation 60,000; debit deferred income 12,000, credit other income 12,000 (IAS 20, para. 26). Rule to remember: depreciation is on gross cost, offset by the release of the grant.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Omitting the release of the grant at year end.","es":""},"format":"JOURNAL_ENTRY","accounts":[{"id":"dep","text":{"fr":"","en":"Depreciation expense","es":""}},{"id":"acc","text":{"fr":"","en":"Accumulated depreciation","es":""}},{"id":"di","text":{"fr":"","en":"Deferred income (grant)","es":""}},{"id":"inc","text":{"fr":"","en":"Other income (grant release)","es":""}}],"lines":[{"id":"l1","account":"dep","side":"DEBIT","amount":60000,"given":["account","side"]},{"id":"l2","account":"acc","side":"CREDIT","amount":60000},{"id":"l3","account":"di","side":"DEBIT","amount":12000},{"id":"l4","account":"inc","side":"CREDIT","amount":12000}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000051","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.ASSET_GRANTS.DEDUCTION_FROM_CARRYING_AMOUNT"],"dimension":"CALCULATION","format":"CALCULATION","context":"MANUFACTURING","tested_point":"DEDUCTION_CALC","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","estimated_time_s":110,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000006","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000006","section_id":"numeric-deduction"},"references":["IAS 20 §27"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Delvane applies deduction. Machine €300,000, grant €60,000, 5 years, straight line, nil residual value. Calculate the net cost, the annual depreciation and the carrying amount after 2 years.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"300,000 − 60,000 = 240,000; 240,000 ÷ 5 = 48,000; 240,000 − 2 × 48,000 = 144,000. Rule to remember: deduction: the asset is depreciated on the net cost (IAS 20, para. 27).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Depreciating the gross cost after deducting the grant (double effect on profit or loss).","es":""},"format":"CALCULATION","data":[{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Cost","es":""},"value":"300000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Grant","es":""},"value":"60000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Useful life","es":""},"value":"5","unit":"YEARS"}],"steps":[{"id":"net","label":{"fr":"","en":"Net cost","es":""},"answer":240000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"},{"id":"dep","label":{"fr":"","en":"Annual depreciation","es":""},"answer":48000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"},{"id":"ca2","label":{"fr":"","en":"Carrying amount after 2 years","es":""},"answer":144000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"}],"formula":{"lines":[{"step":"net","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Net cost","es":""},"expression":"a - b","variables":[{"symbol":"a","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Cost","es":""},"value":300000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"b","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Grant","es":""},"value":60000,"unit":"EUR"}],"result":240000,"unit":"EUR"},{"step":"dep","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Annual depreciation","es":""},"expression":"a / b","variables":[{"symbol":"a","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Net cost","es":""},"value":240000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"b","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Useful life","es":""},"value":5,"unit":"YEARS"}],"result":48000,"unit":"EUR"},{"step":"ca2","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Carrying amount after 2 years","es":""},"expression":"a - 2 * b","variables":[{"symbol":"a","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Net cost","es":""},"value":240000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"b","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Annual depreciation","es":""},"value":48000,"unit":"EUR"}],"result":144000,"unit":"EUR"}],"rationale":{"fr":"","en":"deduction: the asset is depreciated on the net cost (IAS 20, para. 27).","es":""},"references":["REF.IAS20.27"]}},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000052","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.ASSET_GRANTS.DEDUCTION_FROM_CARRYING_AMOUNT"],"dimension":"JOURNAL_ENTRY","format":"JOURNAL_ENTRY","context":"MANUFACTURING","tested_point":"DEDUCTION_ENTRY","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","estimated_time_s":150,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000006","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000006","section_id":"entry-deduction"},"references":["IAS 20 §27"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Delvane (deduction): record the entry on receipt of the €60,000 grant, then the end-of-year-1 depreciation.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Receipt: debit cash 60,000, credit machine 60,000. Depreciation: debit 48,000, credit accumulated depreciation 48,000 (computed on the net cost 240,000) (IAS 20, para. 27). Rule to remember: the grant reduces the value of the asset and the depreciation.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Crediting deferred income although the method is deduction.","es":""},"format":"JOURNAL_ENTRY","accounts":[{"id":"cash","text":{"fr":"","en":"Cash","es":""}},{"id":"mach","text":{"fr":"","en":"Machine","es":""}},{"id":"dep","text":{"fr":"","en":"Depreciation expense","es":""}},{"id":"acc","text":{"fr":"","en":"Accumulated depreciation","es":""}}],"lines":[{"id":"l1","account":"cash","side":"DEBIT","amount":60000,"given":["account","side"]},{"id":"l2","account":"mach","side":"CREDIT","amount":60000},{"id":"l3","account":"dep","side":"DEBIT","amount":48000},{"id":"l4","account":"acc","side":"CREDIT","amount":48000}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000053","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.ASSET_GRANTS.DEFERRED_INCOME","IAS20.ASSET_GRANTS.DEDUCTION_FROM_CARRYING_AMOUNT"],"dimension":"RECOGNITION","format":"CLASSIFICATION","context":"MANUFACTURING","tested_point":"METHOD_EFFECTS","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","estimated_time_s":90,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000006","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000006","section_id":"numeric-deduction"},"references":["IAS 20 §26","IAS 20 §27"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"For each effect, indicate the corresponding method.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Deferred income keeps the asset at gross cost with a liability and a release (IAS 20, para. 26); deduction records a net cost and reduced depreciation (IAS 20, para. 27). Rule to remember: two presentations, same annual net charge.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Mixing the effects of the two methods in the same set of entries.","es":""},"format":"CLASSIFICATION","categories":[{"id":"di","text":{"fr":"","en":"Deferred income","es":""}},{"id":"dd","text":{"fr":"","en":"Deduction from the carrying amount","es":""}}],"items":[{"id":"i1","text":{"fr":"","en":"Machine recorded at the gross cost of €300,000","es":""},"category":"di"},{"id":"i2","text":{"fr":"","en":"Annual depreciation of €48,000 on a net cost of €240,000","es":""},"category":"dd"},{"id":"i3","text":{"fr":"","en":"\"Deferred income\" liability of €60,000 at the start","es":""},"category":"di"},{"id":"i4","text":{"fr":"","en":"Annual release of €12,000 in other income","es":""},"category":"di"},{"id":"i5","text":{"fr":"","en":"Carrying amount of the machine of €240,000 from purchase","es":""},"category":"dd"}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000054","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.ASSET_GRANTS.PRESENTATION_CHOICE","IAS20.ASSET_GRANTS.DEFERRED_INCOME","IAS20.ASSET_GRANTS.DEDUCTION_FROM_CARRYING_AMOUNT"],"dimension":"APPLICATION","format":"MATCHING","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"METHOD_MATCHING","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","estimated_time_s":75,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000006","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000006","section_id":"rule-choice"},"references":["IAS 20 §24","IAS 20 §26","IAS 20 §27"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Match each method to its feature.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Rule to remember: deferred income and deduction are the two presentations of an asset grant, with systematic release over the useful life (IAS 20, para. 24) (IAS 20, para. 26) (IAS 20, para. 27).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Linking reduced depreciation to deferred income.","es":""},"format":"MATCHING","left":[{"id":"l1","text":{"fr":"","en":"Deferred income","es":""}},{"id":"l2","text":{"fr":"","en":"Deduction","es":""}},{"id":"l3","text":{"fr":"","en":"Release of the grant","es":""}}],"right":[{"id":"r3","text":{"fr":"","en":"Systematic over the useful life of the asset","es":""}},{"id":"r1","text":{"fr":"","en":"Asset at gross cost and grant as a liability","es":""}},{"id":"r2","text":{"fr":"","en":"Asset at net cost and reduced depreciation","es":""}}],"pairs":[{"left":"l1","right":"r1"},{"left":"l2","right":"r2"},{"left":"l3","right":"r3"}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000055","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.ASSET_GRANTS.CASH_FLOW_PRESENTATION"],"dimension":"RULE_KNOWLEDGE","format":"TRUE_FALSE","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"CASH_FLOW_PRESENTATION","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","estimated_time_s":55,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000006","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000006","section_id":"rule-cash-flow"},"references":["IAS 20 §28"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Collection of a grant related to an asset appears in the statement of cash flows.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"A collection is a cash flow, whatever the balance sheet presentation (IAS 20, para. 28). Rule to remember: an asset grant collected is shown in the cash flow statement; its classification belongs to the standard on cash flows.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Omitting the grant received from the statement of cash flows.","es":""},"format":"TRUE_FALSE","answer":true},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000056","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.ASSET_GRANTS.PRESENTATION_CHOICE","IAS20.ASSET_GRANTS.DEDUCTION_FROM_CARRYING_AMOUNT"],"dimension":"PROFESSIONAL_JUDGMENT","format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","context":"MANUFACTURING","tested_point":"METHOD_POLICY_CHOICE","difficulty":"ADVANCED","estimated_time_s":90,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000006","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000006","section_id":"pitfalls"},"references":["IAS 20 §24","IAS 20 §27"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"A partner states that IAS 16 imposes deducting the grant from the cost of the asset. Which answer is correct for an IAS 20 asset grant?","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Both presentations are allowed; the method adopted in a case is a method choice (IAS 20, para. 24).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Presenting the deduction from cost as imposed by IAS 16.","es":""},"format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"Yes: deduction is the method IAS 16 prescribes for an asset grant","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The standard allows two presentations, including deferred income (IAS 20, para. 24).","es":""}},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"No: deferred income is the method IAS 20 prescribes for an asset grant","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Deduction is also allowed (IAS 20, para. 27).","es":""}},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"No: the asset grant must be credited directly to equity, without passing through profit or loss","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The income approach rules out direct credit to equity (IAS 20).","es":""}},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"IAS 20 also allows deferred income: deduction is a method choice, not an obligation","es":""},"correct":true}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000057","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.ASSET_GRANTS.PRESENTATION_CHOICE","IAS20.ASSET_GRANTS.DEFERRED_INCOME","IAS20.ASSET_GRANTS.DEDUCTION_FROM_CARRYING_AMOUNT"],"dimension":"ANALYSIS","format":"MINI_CASE","context":"MANUFACTURING","tested_point":"SAME_PL_DIFFERENT_BS","difficulty":"ADVANCED","estimated_time_s":170,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000006","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000006","section_id":"judgment"},"references":["IAS 20 §24","IAS 20 §26","IAS 20 §27"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Compare the effect of the two methods for Delvane.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Annual net charge of €48,000 in both cases; the balance sheet differs (gross asset and liability, or net asset) (IAS 20, para. 24). Rule to remember: the method choice changes the balance sheet, not net profit or loss.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Believing that deduction reduces annual profit or loss by the grant.","es":""},"format":"MINI_CASE","scenario":{"fr":"","en":"Teaching assumption: Delvane buys a €300,000 machine and receives a €60,000 grant; 5 years, straight line, nil residual value (case data). The finance director compares deferred income and deduction after 2 years.","es":""},"parts":[{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Calculate the net annual effect on profit or loss with deferred income (depreciation less release).","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"60,000 − 12,000 = 48,000. Rule to remember: with deferred income, the net charge is gross depreciation less the release (IAS 20, para. 26).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Taking gross depreciation as the net charge: with deferred income, the annual grant release is deducted.","es":""},"format":"CALCULATION","data":[{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Depreciation on gross cost","es":""},"value":"60000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Grant release","es":""},"value":"12000","unit":"EUR"}],"steps":[{"id":"net","label":{"fr":"","en":"Net annual effect","es":""},"answer":48000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"}],"id":"p1","dimension":"CALCULATION","formula":{"lines":[{"step":"net","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Net annual effect","es":""},"expression":"a - b","variables":[{"symbol":"a","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Depreciation on gross cost","es":""},"value":60000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"b","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Grant release","es":""},"value":12000,"unit":"EUR"}],"result":48000,"unit":"EUR"}],"rationale":{"fr":"","en":"with deferred income, the net charge is gross depreciation less the release (IAS 20, para. 26).","es":""},"references":["REF.IAS20.26"]}},{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Compare with deduction (depreciation of €48,000): what can be concluded?","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Both presentations lead to the same annual net charge (IAS 20, para. 26) (IAS 20, para. 27).","es":""},"format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"Profit or loss under deduction is lower by €12,000 a year","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The reduced depreciation of €48,000 equals 60,000 − 12,000: same net effect (IAS 20, para. 27).","es":""}},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"Annual profit or loss is the same; only the balance sheet presentation differs","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"Profit or loss under deferred income is higher by €12,000 a year","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The release of €12,000 already offsets the depreciation difference: same net effect (IAS 20, para. 26).","es":""}}],"id":"p2","dimension":"ANALYSIS"}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000058","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.ASSET_GRANTS.NON_DEPRECIABLE"],"dimension":"ANALYSIS","format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","context":"REAL_ESTATE","tested_point":"LAND_GRANT_ANALYSIS","difficulty":"ADVANCED","estimated_time_s":90,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000006","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000006","section_id":"rule-non-depreciable"},"references":["IAS 20 §17","IAS 20 §18"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Orvane receives €400,000 to buy land, which is not depreciable. What is the first step in deciding the release period?","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"For a non-depreciable asset, the release is analysed from the attached conditions (IAS 20).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Spreading a grant on a non-depreciable asset without examining the attached conditions.","es":""},"format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"Examine the conditions attached to the grant and the costs they cause","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"Release the grant over the useful life of the land","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Non-depreciable land has no depreciation on which to base the release (IAS 20).","es":""}},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"Take the whole grant to profit or loss on collection, since the land is not depreciated","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"This solution rests on no analysis of the conditions (IAS 20).","es":""}},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"Spread over 50 years by default","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The standard sets no default period; spreading without examining the conditions is an error (IAS 20).","es":""}}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000059","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.ASSET_GRANTS.NON_DEPRECIABLE"],"dimension":"PROFESSIONAL_JUDGMENT","format":"MINI_CASE","context":"REAL_ESTATE","tested_point":"LAND_CONDITIONS_CASE","difficulty":"EXPERT","estimated_time_s":200,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000006","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000006","section_id":"judgment"},"references":["IAS 20 §17","IAS 20 §18"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Analyse Orvane's land grant.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"The release period follows from the conditions and the costs they cause, supported in a file (IAS 20). Rule to remember: for a non-depreciable asset, it is a documented judgement.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Spreading a grant on a non-depreciable asset without examining the conditions.","es":""},"format":"MINI_CASE","scenario":{"fr":"","en":"Teaching assumption: Orvane receives €400,000 from a municipality to buy land. The grant deed requires the entity to build on this land, within three years, a training centre open to the public for twenty years (case data). Construction is financed and launched.","es":""},"parts":[{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"What must the professional do to decide the release period?","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"The matching of a grant on a non-depreciable asset is analysed from its conditions (IAS 20).","es":""},"format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"Apply a flat ten-year period set by the standard","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The standard sets no flat period; the period is supported by the conditions and judgement (IAS 20).","es":""}},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"Take the whole amount to profit or loss as soon as the land is acquired","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The construction and opening conditions have not yet been met: the analysis must take them into account (IAS 20).","es":""}},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"Analyse the conditions (construction, public opening) and the costs they cause, then support the period adopted","es":""},"correct":true}],"id":"p1","dimension":"PROFESSIONAL_JUDGMENT"},{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Which items should the file keep? (several answers)","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Professional judgement: the file gathers the conditions, the schedule and the support for the period (IAS 20). Rule to remember: the release period is a documented judgement, with no imposed rate or period.","es":""},"format":"MULTIPLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"The schedule and financing of the construction","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"The support for the release period adopted","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"A 5% annual release rate \"set by the standard\"","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The standard sets no rate; a rate is a convention to be supported (IAS 20).","es":""}},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"The grant deed listing the conditions","es":""},"correct":true}],"id":"p2","dimension":"DOCUMENTATION"}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000060","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.ASSET_GRANTS.DEDUCTION_FROM_CARRYING_AMOUNT","IAS20.ASSET_GRANTS.DEFERRED_INCOME"],"dimension":"ANALYSIS","format":"ERROR_SPOT","context":"MANUFACTURING","tested_point":"ASSET_GRANT_ERRORS","difficulty":"ADVANCED","estimated_time_s":110,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000006","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000006","section_id":"pitfalls"},"references":["IAS 20 §26","IAS 20 §27"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Spot the erroneous statements.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Rule to remember: deduction: depreciation on the net cost; deferred income: gradual release over the useful life (IAS 20, para. 26) (IAS 20, para. 27).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Depreciating the gross cost after deduction, or crediting profit or loss on collection with deferred income.","es":""},"format":"ERROR_SPOT","statements":[{"id":"e1","text":{"fr":"","en":"With deduction, the machine is recorded at €240,000 and depreciated on €300,000 (gross cost).","es":""},"erroneous":true,"correction":{"fr":"","en":"Depreciation is computed on the net cost of €240,000, that is €48,000 a year (IAS 20, para. 27).","es":""}},{"id":"e2","text":{"fr":"","en":"With deferred income, the grant is released on a systematic basis over the useful life.","es":""},"erroneous":false},{"id":"e3","text":{"fr":"","en":"With deferred income, the grant is credited in full to profit or loss on collection.","es":""},"erroneous":true,"correction":{"fr":"","en":"Deferred income is gradually released to profit or loss over the useful life (IAS 20, para. 26).","es":""}}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000061","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.INCOME_GRANTS.PRESENTATION"],"dimension":"RULE_KNOWLEDGE","format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"INCOME_PRESENTATION","difficulty":"BEGINNER","estimated_time_s":55,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000007","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000007","section_id":"rule-presentation"},"references":["IAS 20 §29"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Marvane receives a €90,000 grant to compensate its training costs. Which presentation is allowed in profit or loss?","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"The two permitted presentations are income (separate line or other income) and deduction from the related expense (IAS 20, para. 29).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Presenting the grant as a reduction of equity or of the asset.","es":""},"format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"As a reduction of equity","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"An income grant goes through profit or loss, not equity (IAS 20, para. 29).","es":""}},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"As a reduction of the value of a fixed asset","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Deduction from the value of the asset concerns asset grants, not income grants (IAS 20).","es":""}},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"As deferred income in liabilities, with no later release","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The grant is matched to the periods of the costs compensated and goes to profit or loss (IAS 20).","es":""}},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"As a deduction from the training costs, or in other income","es":""},"correct":true}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000062","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.INCOME_GRANTS.PRESENTATION"],"dimension":"CALCULATION","format":"CALCULATION","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"NET_EXPENSE_AND_RESULT","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","estimated_time_s":100,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000007","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000007","section_id":"numeric-presentations"},"references":["IAS 20 §29"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Marvane: revenue €1,000,000, other expenses €700,000, training costs €150,000, training grant €90,000. With presentation as a deduction from the expense, calculate the net training costs and the operating result.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"150,000 − 90,000 = 60,000; 1,000,000 − 60,000 − 700,000 = 240,000. The result is the same as under presentation as income. Rule to remember: income or deduction: same result, different presentation (IAS 20, para. 29).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Forgetting to deduct the grant from the expense, or counting it twice.","es":""},"format":"CALCULATION","data":[{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Revenue","es":""},"value":"1000000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Other expenses","es":""},"value":"700000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Training costs","es":""},"value":"150000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Grant","es":""},"value":"90000","unit":"EUR"}],"steps":[{"id":"net","label":{"fr":"","en":"Net training costs","es":""},"answer":60000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"},{"id":"op","label":{"fr":"","en":"Operating result","es":""},"answer":240000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"}],"formula":{"lines":[{"step":"net","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Net training costs","es":""},"expression":"a - b","variables":[{"symbol":"a","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Training costs","es":""},"value":150000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"b","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Grant","es":""},"value":90000,"unit":"EUR"}],"result":60000,"unit":"EUR"},{"step":"op","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Operating result","es":""},"expression":"a - b - c","variables":[{"symbol":"a","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Revenue","es":""},"value":1000000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"b","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Net training costs","es":""},"value":60000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"c","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Other expenses","es":""},"value":700000,"unit":"EUR"}],"result":240000,"unit":"EUR"}],"rationale":{"fr":"","en":"income or deduction: same result, different presentation (IAS 20, para. 29).","es":""},"references":["REF.IAS20.29"]}},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000063","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.INCOME_GRANTS.PRESENTATION"],"dimension":"JOURNAL_ENTRY","format":"JOURNAL_ENTRY","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"DEDUCTION_ENTRY_INCOME","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","estimated_time_s":90,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000007","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000007","section_id":"entry"},"references":["IAS 20 §29"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Marvane collects the €90,000 training grant earned in the year and presents it as a deduction from training costs. Record the entry.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Debit cash 90,000; credit training costs 90,000 (IAS 20, para. 29). Rule to remember: under presentation by deduction, the grant is credited to the related expense account.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Crediting \"other income\" although the presentation adopted is deduction.","es":""},"format":"JOURNAL_ENTRY","accounts":[{"id":"cash","text":{"fr":"","en":"Cash","es":""}},{"id":"trn","text":{"fr":"","en":"Training costs","es":""}},{"id":"inc","text":{"fr":"","en":"Other income","es":""}}],"lines":[{"id":"l1","account":"cash","side":"DEBIT","amount":90000,"given":["account","side"]},{"id":"l2","account":"trn","side":"CREDIT","amount":90000}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000064","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.INCOME_GRANTS.PRESENTATION"],"dimension":"APPLICATION","format":"MATCHING","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"PRESENTATION_MATCHING","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","estimated_time_s":70,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000007","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000007","section_id":"rule-presentation"},"references":["IAS 20 §29"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Match each presentation to its effect on the lines.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Rule to remember: income or deduction: the reading of the lines changes, the result stays identical (IAS 20, para. 29).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Believing that presentation by deduction changes the result.","es":""},"format":"MATCHING","left":[{"id":"l1","text":{"fr":"","en":"Presentation as income","es":""}},{"id":"l2","text":{"fr":"","en":"Presentation as deduction","es":""}},{"id":"l3","text":{"fr":"","en":"In both cases","es":""}}],"right":[{"id":"r2","text":{"fr":"","en":"Net expense of €60,000, with no separate income","es":""}},{"id":"r3","text":{"fr":"","en":"Identical operating result","es":""}},{"id":"r1","text":{"fr":"","en":"Gross expense of €150,000 and income of €90,000","es":""}}],"pairs":[{"left":"l1","right":"r1"},{"left":"l2","right":"r2"},{"left":"l3","right":"r3"}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000065","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.INCOME_GRANTS.DETAIL"],"dimension":"RECOGNITION","format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"NET_WITHOUT_INFORMATION","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","estimated_time_s":65,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000007","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000007","section_id":"rule-detail"},"references":["IAS 20 §30"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Marvane presents its training costs net of the grant, with no information about the grant. What is missing?","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Even under net presentation, information about the grant is necessary (IAS 20).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Offsetting income and expense with no information about the grant.","es":""},"format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"Nothing: deduction removes the need for information about the grant, since the amount is already offset","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Offsetting income and expense does not erase information about the grant (IAS 20).","es":""}},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"A credit in equity","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The problem is not the accounting route but the lack of information (IAS 20).","es":""}},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"A return to presentation as income, required in this case","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Both presentations remain allowed; it is the information that is missing (IAS 20).","es":""}},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"Information about the grant itself, which does not disappear because it is offset","es":""},"correct":true}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000066","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.INCOME_GRANTS.PRESENTATION","IAS20.INCOME_GRANTS.DETAIL"],"dimension":"ANALYSIS","format":"ERROR_SPOT","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"INCOME_GRANT_ERRORS","difficulty":"ADVANCED","estimated_time_s":100,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000007","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000007","section_id":"pitfalls"},"references":["IAS 20 §29","IAS 20 §30"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Spot the erroneous statements.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Rule to remember: the presentation does not change the result and does not remove information about the grant (IAS 20).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Believing that deduction changes the result, or removes information about the grant.","es":""},"format":"ERROR_SPOT","statements":[{"id":"e1","text":{"fr":"","en":"Presentation as a deduction from the expense increases the operating result compared with presentation as income.","es":""},"erroneous":true,"correction":{"fr":"","en":"The operating result is identical under both presentations (IAS 20, para. 29).","es":""}},{"id":"e2","text":{"fr":"","en":"An income grant may appear in \"other income\".","es":""},"erroneous":false},{"id":"e3","text":{"fr":"","en":"Presented as a deduction from the expense, the grant no longer needs to be mentioned.","es":""},"erroneous":true,"correction":{"fr":"","en":"Information about the grant remains necessary even net of the expense (IAS 20).","es":""}}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000067","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.INCOME_GRANTS.PRESENTATION"],"dimension":"PROFESSIONAL_JUDGMENT","format":"MINI_CASE","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"PRESENTATION_POLICY_CASE","difficulty":"ADVANCED","estimated_time_s":150,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000007","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000007","section_id":"judgment"},"references":["IAS 20 §29"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Advise Marvane on the presentation of its grant.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Method choice, consistency and information on the grant (IAS 20). Rule to remember: neither presentation is imposed by the link with the costs.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Presenting a method choice as imposed by the standard.","es":""},"format":"MINI_CASE","scenario":{"fr":"","en":"Teaching assumption: Marvane receives a €90,000 grant linked to €150,000 of training costs identified line by line (case data). The management controller asks whether the standard requires presenting it as a deduction from training costs.","es":""},"parts":[{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"What should be answered?","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Both presentations are allowed; the method adopted is an entity convention (IAS 20, para. 29).","es":""},"format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"No: the standard also allows income; the direct link with identified costs favours deduction, it is a method choice","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"Yes: deduction is imposed as soon as the grant is linked to costs","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Both presentations are allowed; neither is imposed by the link to costs (IAS 20, para. 29).","es":""}},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"Yes: separate income is imposed for grants above €50,000","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The standard sets no amount threshold to choose the presentation (IAS 20, para. 29).","es":""}}],"id":"p1","dimension":"PROFESSIONAL_JUDGMENT"},{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Whichever presentation is adopted, the file should describe the method and make it possible to find the amount of the grant.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Professional judgement: the method is applied consistently and described; the amount remains traceable (IAS 20). Rule to remember: the presentation does not erase information about the grant.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Believing that deducting the grant from the asset removes the need for disclosure: the method is described and the amount remains traceable.","es":""},"format":"TRUE_FALSE","answer":true,"id":"p2","dimension":"DOCUMENTATION"}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000068","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.REPAYMENT.CHANGE_IN_ESTIMATE"],"dimension":"RECOGNITION","format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"ESTIMATE_NOT_RESTATEMENT","difficulty":"BEGINNER","estimated_time_s":55,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000008","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000008","section_id":"rule-estimate"},"references":["IAS 20 §32"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"A €60,000 grant recognised two years ago becomes repayable. How does the entity treat the event?","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Repayment of a grant is a change in estimate: the effect is recognised now (IAS 20, para. 32).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Correcting prior years when a grant is repaid.","es":""},"format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"As an error: it restates the two prior years","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The past accounts reflected the information available; repayment is a change in estimate (IAS 20, para. 32).","es":""}},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"By direct charge to opening equity","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The treatment goes through deferred income and profit or loss, not equity (IAS 20, para. 32).","es":""}},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"As a change in estimate, without restating prior periods","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"By an entry only when the repayment is paid","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The effect is recognised when the grant becomes repayable (IAS 20, para. 32).","es":""}}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000069","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.REPAYMENT.ASSET_GRANTS"],"dimension":"CALCULATION","format":"CALCULATION","context":"MANUFACTURING","tested_point":"SURPLUS_DEFERRED","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","estimated_time_s":110,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000008","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000008","section_id":"numeric-deferred"},"references":["IAS 20 §32"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Delvane (machine €300,000, grant €60,000, 5 years, deferred income) must repay the whole grant at the end of year 2. Calculate the deferred income not released and the cumulative releases to recognise as an expense.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"60,000 − 2 × 12,000 = 36,000; 60,000 − 36,000 = 24,000. Rule to remember: the grant relates to an asset; the repayment reduces unreleased deferred income and the cumulative releases already recognised go to expense (IAS 20, para. 32).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Applying the whole repayment against deferred income without expensing the cumulative releases already recognised.","es":""},"format":"CALCULATION","data":[{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Grant","es":""},"value":"60000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Useful life","es":""},"value":"5","unit":"YEARS"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Years elapsed","es":""},"value":"2","unit":"YEARS"}],"steps":[{"id":"di","label":{"fr":"","en":"Deferred income not released","es":""},"answer":36000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"},{"id":"exc","label":{"fr":"","en":"Cumulative releases as immediate expense","es":""},"answer":24000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"}],"formula":{"lines":[{"step":"exc","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Cumulative releases as immediate expense","es":""},"expression":"a - b","variables":[{"symbol":"a","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Grant","es":""},"value":60000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"b","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Deferred income not released","es":""},"value":36000,"unit":"EUR"}],"result":24000,"unit":"EUR"}],"rationale":{"fr":"","en":"the grant relates to an asset; the repayment reduces unreleased deferred income and the cumulative releases already recognised go to expense (IAS 20, para. 32).","es":""},"references":["REF.IAS20.32"]}},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000070","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.REPAYMENT.ASSET_GRANTS"],"dimension":"JOURNAL_ENTRY","format":"JOURNAL_ENTRY","context":"MANUFACTURING","tested_point":"REPAY_DEFERRED_ENTRY","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","estimated_time_s":130,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000008","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000008","section_id":"entry-deferred"},"references":["IAS 20 §32"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Record the entry for the €60,000 repayment paid in cash, the grant being in deferred income (€36,000 left).","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Debit deferred income 36,000; debit expense 24,000; credit cash 60,000; 36,000 + 24,000 = 60,000 (IAS 20, para. 32). Rule to remember: the grant relates to an asset; the repayment reduces the unreleased deferred income and the cumulative releases already recognised are an immediate expense.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Debiting only deferred income for 60,000.","es":""},"format":"JOURNAL_ENTRY","accounts":[{"id":"di","text":{"fr":"","en":"Deferred income (grant)","es":""}},{"id":"exp","text":{"fr":"","en":"Grant repayment expense","es":""}},{"id":"cash","text":{"fr":"","en":"Cash","es":""}}],"lines":[{"id":"l1","account":"di","side":"DEBIT","amount":36000,"given":["account","side"]},{"id":"l2","account":"exp","side":"DEBIT","amount":24000},{"id":"l3","account":"cash","side":"CREDIT","amount":60000,"given":["account","side"]}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000071","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.REPAYMENT.ASSET_GRANTS"],"dimension":"CALCULATION","format":"CALCULATION","context":"MANUFACTURING","tested_point":"SUPPLEMENT_DEDUCTION","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","estimated_time_s":130,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000008","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000008","section_id":"numeric-deduction"},"references":["IAS 20 §32"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Delvane applies deduction (cost €300,000, grant €60,000, 5 years, carrying amount €144,000 after 2 years). The grant is repaid in full. Calculate the increased carrying amount, the cumulative depreciation supplement and the new annual depreciation.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"144,000 + 60,000 = 204,000; 60,000 ÷ 5 × 2 = 24,000; (204,000 − 24,000) ÷ 3 = 60,000. Rule to remember: under deduction, repayment increases the carrying amount and a cumulative depreciation supplement is recognised immediately (IAS 20, para. 32).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Omitting the cumulative depreciation supplement when repaying under the deduction method.","es":""},"format":"CALCULATION","data":[{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Carrying amount after 2 years","es":""},"value":"144000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Grant repaid","es":""},"value":"60000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Useful life","es":""},"value":"5","unit":"YEARS"}],"steps":[{"id":"up","label":{"fr":"","en":"Increased carrying amount","es":""},"answer":204000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"},{"id":"add","label":{"fr":"","en":"Cumulative depreciation supplement","es":""},"answer":24000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"},{"id":"dep","label":{"fr":"","en":"New annual depreciation","es":""},"answer":60000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"}],"formula":{"lines":[{"step":"up","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Increased carrying amount","es":""},"expression":"a + b","variables":[{"symbol":"a","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Carrying amount after 2 years","es":""},"value":144000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"b","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Grant repaid","es":""},"value":60000,"unit":"EUR"}],"result":204000,"unit":"EUR"},{"step":"add","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Cumulative depreciation supplement","es":""},"expression":"a / b * 2","variables":[{"symbol":"a","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Grant repaid","es":""},"value":60000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"b","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Useful life","es":""},"value":5,"unit":"YEARS"}],"result":24000,"unit":"EUR"},{"step":"dep","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"New annual depreciation","es":""},"expression":"(a - b) / 3","variables":[{"symbol":"a","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Increased carrying amount","es":""},"value":204000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"b","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Cumulative depreciation supplement","es":""},"value":24000,"unit":"EUR"}],"result":60000,"unit":"EUR"}],"rationale":{"fr":"","en":"under deduction, repayment increases the carrying amount and a cumulative depreciation supplement is recognised immediately (IAS 20, para. 32).","es":""},"references":["REF.IAS20.32"]}},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000072","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.REPAYMENT.ASSET_GRANTS"],"dimension":"JOURNAL_ENTRY","format":"JOURNAL_ENTRY","context":"MANUFACTURING","tested_point":"REPAY_DEDUCTION_ENTRY","difficulty":"ADVANCED","estimated_time_s":170,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000008","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000008","section_id":"entry-deduction"},"references":["IAS 20 §32"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Record the entries for the €60,000 repayment paid in cash under the deduction method (cumulative depreciation supplement of €24,000).","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Debit machine 60,000, credit cash 60,000; debit depreciation 24,000, credit accumulated depreciation 24,000 (IAS 20, para. 32). Rule to remember: the reversed deduction increases the asset, with an immediate cumulative depreciation supplement. Effect on the financial statements: expense of €24,000 in the year.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Crediting a deferred income that does not exist under the deduction method.","es":""},"format":"JOURNAL_ENTRY","accounts":[{"id":"mach","text":{"fr":"","en":"Machine","es":""}},{"id":"cash","text":{"fr":"","en":"Cash","es":""}},{"id":"dep","text":{"fr":"","en":"Depreciation expense","es":""}},{"id":"acc","text":{"fr":"","en":"Accumulated depreciation","es":""}}],"lines":[{"id":"l1","account":"mach","side":"DEBIT","amount":60000,"given":["account","side"]},{"id":"l2","account":"cash","side":"CREDIT","amount":60000},{"id":"l3","account":"dep","side":"DEBIT","amount":24000},{"id":"l4","account":"acc","side":"CREDIT","amount":24000}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000073","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.REPAYMENT.INCOME_GRANTS"],"dimension":"CALCULATION","format":"CALCULATION","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"INCOME_PARTIAL_REPAYMENT","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","estimated_time_s":100,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000008","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000008","section_id":"rule-income"},"references":["IAS 20 §32"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Marvane received a €90,000 income grant; €30,000 of deferred income remains unreleased. It must repay €40,000. Calculate the part applied against deferred income and the immediate expense.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Application: min(40,000; 30,000) = 30,000; expense: 40,000 − 30,000 = 10,000. Rule to remember: repayment is applied against unreleased deferred income, the excess goes to expense (IAS 20, para. 32).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Charging the whole repayment to equity.","es":""},"format":"CALCULATION","data":[{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Deferred income not released","es":""},"value":"30000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Repayment","es":""},"value":"40000","unit":"EUR"}],"steps":[{"id":"di","label":{"fr":"","en":"Applied against deferred income","es":""},"answer":30000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"},{"id":"exp","label":{"fr":"","en":"Immediate expense","es":""},"answer":10000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"}],"formula":{"lines":[{"step":"exp","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Immediate expense","es":""},"expression":"a - b","variables":[{"symbol":"a","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Repayment","es":""},"value":40000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"b","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Deferred income not released","es":""},"value":30000,"unit":"EUR"}],"result":10000,"unit":"EUR"}],"rationale":{"fr":"","en":"repayment is applied against unreleased deferred income, the excess goes to expense (IAS 20, para. 32).","es":""},"references":["REF.IAS20.32"]}},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000074","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.REPAYMENT.INCOME_GRANTS"],"dimension":"JOURNAL_ENTRY","format":"JOURNAL_ENTRY","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"INCOME_FULL_REPAYMENT_ENTRY","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","estimated_time_s":120,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000008","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000008","section_id":"rule-income"},"references":["IAS 20 §32"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Marvane repays the whole €90,000 income grant in cash; €30,000 of deferred income remains unreleased. Record the entry.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Debit deferred income 30,000; debit expense 60,000; credit cash 90,000 (IAS 20, para. 32). Rule to remember: deferred income balance first, excess as immediate expense.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Charging the whole repayment to expense without using deferred income.","es":""},"format":"JOURNAL_ENTRY","accounts":[{"id":"di","text":{"fr":"","en":"Deferred income (grant)","es":""}},{"id":"exp","text":{"fr":"","en":"Grant repayment expense","es":""}},{"id":"cash","text":{"fr":"","en":"Cash","es":""}}],"lines":[{"id":"l1","account":"di","side":"DEBIT","amount":30000,"given":["account","side"]},{"id":"l2","account":"exp","side":"DEBIT","amount":60000},{"id":"l3","account":"cash","side":"CREDIT","amount":90000,"given":["account","side"]}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000075","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.REPAYMENT.CHANGE_IN_ESTIMATE","IAS20.REPAYMENT.ASSET_GRANTS"],"dimension":"APPLICATION","format":"ORDERING","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"REPAYMENT_STEPS","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","estimated_time_s":80,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000008","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000008","section_id":"rule-estimate"},"references":["IAS 20 §32"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Put in order the approach for treating repayment of an asset grant held as deferred income.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Approach: change in estimate, remaining deferred income, reduction of that deferred income, cumulative releases as expense (IAS 20, para. 32). This order is a working approach, not an order imposed by the standard.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Restating prior years: repayment is a change in estimate, dealt with in the period.","es":""},"format":"ORDERING","steps":[{"id":"s1","text":{"fr":"","en":"Note that the grant becomes repayable (change in estimate)","es":""}},{"id":"s2","text":{"fr":"","en":"Calculate the deferred income not yet released","es":""}},{"id":"s3","text":{"fr":"","en":"Reduce this deferred income","es":""}},{"id":"s4","text":{"fr":"","en":"Recognise immediately as an expense the cumulative releases already taken","es":""}}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000076","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.REPAYMENT.CHANGE_IN_ESTIMATE","IAS20.REPAYMENT.ASSET_GRANTS","IAS20.REPAYMENT.INCOME_GRANTS"],"dimension":"ANALYSIS","format":"ERROR_SPOT","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"REPAYMENT_ERRORS","difficulty":"ADVANCED","estimated_time_s":110,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000008","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000008","section_id":"pitfalls"},"references":["IAS 20 §32"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Spot the erroneous statements.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Rule to remember: change in estimate; deferred income first, excess to expense; the reversed deduction increases the carrying amount (IAS 20, para. 32).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Applying error-correction rules to the repayment.","es":""},"format":"ERROR_SPOT","statements":[{"id":"e1","text":{"fr":"","en":"On repayment of an asset grant held as deferred income, the excess over deferred income is recognised immediately as an expense.","es":""},"erroneous":false},{"id":"e2","text":{"fr":"","en":"Repayment of an income grant is charged entirely to equity.","es":""},"erroneous":true,"correction":{"fr":"","en":"It is applied against unreleased deferred income, then the excess goes to immediate expense (IAS 20, para. 32).","es":""}},{"id":"e3","text":{"fr":"","en":"Under deduction, repayment decreases the carrying amount of the asset.","es":""},"erroneous":true,"correction":{"fr":"","en":"Under deduction, repayment increases the carrying amount of the asset (IAS 20, para. 32).","es":""}},{"id":"e4","text":{"fr":"","en":"Prior years are restated when the grant becomes repayable.","es":""},"erroneous":true,"correction":{"fr":"","en":"It is a change in estimate: prior periods are not restated (IAS 20, para. 32).","es":""}}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000077","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.REPAYMENT.IMPAIRMENT_REVIEW"],"dimension":"PROFESSIONAL_JUDGMENT","format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","context":"MANUFACTURING","tested_point":"IMPAIRMENT_AFTER_REPAYMENT","difficulty":"ADVANCED","estimated_time_s":90,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000008","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000008","section_id":"rule-impairment"},"references":["IAS 20 §33"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"After repayment of an asset grant treated by deduction, the carrying amount of the machine has increased. What step must the professional take?","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"After repayment of an asset grant, the circumstances may require considering possible impairment of the new carrying amount (IAS 20).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Not examining whether the new carrying amount calls for an impairment test.","es":""},"format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"Do nothing: a higher carrying amount cannot raise a problem for the entity","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"A higher carrying amount may exceed the recoverable amount: the repayment may require considering impairment (IAS 20).","es":""}},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"Revalue the asset upwards","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Repayment is not a revaluation: it may call for an impairment review, not an increase (IAS 20).","es":""}},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"Take the grant back to profit or loss","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The grant is repaid: there is no further release to profit or loss (IAS 20).","es":""}},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"Examine whether the new carrying amount calls for an impairment test","es":""},"correct":true}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000078","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.REPAYMENT.ASSET_GRANTS","IAS20.REPAYMENT.IMPAIRMENT_REVIEW"],"dimension":"PROFESSIONAL_JUDGMENT","format":"MINI_CASE","context":"MANUFACTURING","tested_point":"REPAYMENT_IMPAIRMENT_CASE","difficulty":"EXPERT","estimated_time_s":220,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000008","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000008","section_id":"judgment"},"references":["IAS 20 §32","IAS 20 §33"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Treat the repayment of Delvane's grant and its consequences.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Repayment produces a €24,000 supplement in profit or loss and may call for an impairment review; the effect is recognised now, without restatement (IAS 20, para. 32). Rule to remember: change in estimate and review of the new carrying amount.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Restating prior years and ignoring impairment.","es":""},"format":"MINI_CASE","scenario":{"fr":"","en":"Teaching assumption: Delvane applies deduction (machine €300,000, grant €60,000, 5 years, straight line). At the end of year 2, a breach of a condition makes the grant repayable in full. After adjustment, the carrying amount of the machine is €180,000; the measure of the recoverable amount at that date, case data, is €170,000. The file must show the effect on the financial statements and the disclosure.","es":""},"parts":[{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Calculate the cumulative depreciation supplement recognised immediately.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"60,000 ÷ 5 × 2 = 24,000. Rule to remember: cumulative supplement = extra depreciation that the absence of the grant would have caused over the elapsed period (IAS 20, para. 32).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Recognising the whole grant or only one year: the cumulative catch-up matches the extra depreciation for the years already elapsed.","es":""},"format":"CALCULATION","data":[{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Grant","es":""},"value":"60000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Useful life","es":""},"value":"5","unit":"YEARS"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Years elapsed","es":""},"value":"2","unit":"YEARS"}],"steps":[{"id":"add","label":{"fr":"","en":"Depreciation supplement","es":""},"answer":24000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"}],"id":"p1","dimension":"CALCULATION","formula":{"lines":[{"step":"add","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Depreciation supplement","es":""},"expression":"a / b * c","variables":[{"symbol":"a","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Grant","es":""},"value":60000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"b","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Useful life","es":""},"value":5,"unit":"YEARS"},{"symbol":"c","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Years elapsed","es":""},"value":2,"unit":"YEARS"}],"result":24000,"unit":"EUR"}],"rationale":{"fr":"","en":"cumulative supplement = extra depreciation that the absence of the grant would have caused over the elapsed period (IAS 20, para. 32).","es":""},"references":["REF.IAS20.32"]}},{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"The recoverable amount (case data) is €170,000; calculate the gap against the carrying amount after adjustment (€180,000).","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"180,000 − 170,000 = 10,000. Rule to remember: repayment may call for an impairment review of the new carrying amount (IAS 20); the gap here is €10,000 (the measurement belongs to IAS 36).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Ignoring the gap with recoverable amount after repayment: the new carrying amount may require an impairment review under IAS 36.","es":""},"format":"CALCULATION","data":[{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Carrying amount after adjustment","es":""},"value":"180000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Recoverable amount (case data)","es":""},"value":"170000","unit":"EUR"}],"steps":[{"id":"gap","label":{"fr":"","en":"Gap (possible impairment loss)","es":""},"answer":10000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"}],"id":"p2","dimension":"ANALYSIS","formula":{"lines":[{"step":"gap","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Gap (possible impairment loss)","es":""},"expression":"a - b","variables":[{"symbol":"a","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Carrying amount after adjustment","es":""},"value":180000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"b","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Recoverable amount (case data)","es":""},"value":170000,"unit":"EUR"}],"result":10000,"unit":"EUR"}],"rationale":{"fr":"","en":"repayment may call for an impairment review of the new carrying amount (IAS 20); the gap here is €10,000 (the measurement belongs to IAS 36).","es":""},"references":["REF.IAS20.32","REF.IAS20.33"]}},{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Which items should the file contain? (several answers)","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Professional judgement: the file dates the event, quantifies the effect and documents the impairment review (IAS 20, para. 32). Rule to remember: repayment is a change in estimate; immediate effect in profit or loss and disclosure of the unmet condition.","es":""},"format":"MULTIPLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"The calculation of the depreciation supplement and its entry","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"The impairment review and the disclosure on the unmet condition","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"The restatement of the two prior years","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Repayment is a change in estimate: no restatement is provided for (IAS 20, para. 32).","es":""}},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"The date and cause of the breach of the condition","es":""},"correct":true}],"id":"p3","dimension":"DOCUMENTATION"}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000079","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.ASSISTANCE.OTHER_ASSISTANCE"],"dimension":"RECOGNITION","format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"NON_QUANTIFIABLE_AID","difficulty":"ADVANCED","estimated_time_s":70,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000009","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000009","section_id":"rule-assistance"},"references":["IAS 20 §34","IAS 20 §35","IAS 20 §36"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"A public agency gives Vistrel free technical advice whose value cannot reasonably be estimated (case assumption). How is it accounted for?","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"No estimated amount for assistance that cannot be valued, but information about the assistance (IAS 20, paras. 34-36).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Considering that unquantifiable assistance must be recognised at an estimated amount.","es":""},"format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"It is recorded as income at the price a customer would pay, for a service received free of charge","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Assistance that cannot be valued is not recorded at an estimated amount (IAS 20, para. 34).","es":""}},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"It is ignored: no information needs to be given","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Even unquantified, assistance calls for information to understand its effect (IAS 20, paras. 34-36).","es":""}},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"It is not recorded at an estimated amount; information allows its effect to be understood","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"It is treated as a repayable loan","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Nothing indicates an obligation to return (IAS 20).","es":""}}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000080","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.ASSISTANCE.OTHER_ASSISTANCE"],"dimension":"RULE_KNOWLEDGE","format":"TRUE_FALSE","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"AID_INFORMATION_TF","difficulty":"ADVANCED","estimated_time_s":50,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000009","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000009","section_id":"rule-assistance"},"references":["IAS 20 §34","IAS 20 §35","IAS 20 §36"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Government assistance that cannot be valued calls for no information in the financial statements.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Without an amount, the assistance still has to be described so the reader understands its effect (IAS 20, paras. 34-36). Rule to remember: unquantifiable assistance: no estimated amount, but information.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Giving no information on unquantifiable government assistance.","es":""},"format":"TRUE_FALSE","answer":false},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000081","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.ASSISTANCE.OTHER_ASSISTANCE"],"dimension":"ANALYSIS","format":"CLASSIFICATION","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"AID_FORMS_CLASSIFICATION","difficulty":"ADVANCED","estimated_time_s":100,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000009","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000009","section_id":"rule-assistance"},"references":["IAS 20 §34","IAS 20 §36","IAS 20 §35"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Classify each situation (case data).","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"A quantifiable aid subject to conditions is a grant (IAS 20); assistance that cannot be valued calls for information without an estimated amount (IAS 20, para. 34); a sale on usual terms is not assistance (IAS 20, paras. 34-36). Rule to remember: we classify according to whether quantification is possible and the nature of the transaction.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Treating a normal sale to the State as government assistance.","es":""},"format":"CLASSIFICATION","categories":[{"id":"grant","text":{"fr":"","en":"Recognised grant","es":""}},{"id":"aid","text":{"fr":"","en":"Unquantifiable assistance (information)","es":""}},{"id":"normal","text":{"fr":"","en":"Normal transaction with the State","es":""}}],"items":[{"id":"i1","text":{"fr":"","en":"€50,000 paid to buy equipment, condition met","es":""},"category":"grant"},{"id":"i2","text":{"fr":"","en":"Free technical advice from an agency, with no estimable value","es":""},"category":"aid"},{"id":"i3","text":{"fr":"","en":"Sale of supplies to a ministry at the usual price","es":""},"category":"normal"},{"id":"i4","text":{"fr":"","en":"Personalised support from the administration, whose value cannot reasonably be estimated","es":""},"category":"aid"}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000082","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.ASSISTANCE.OTHER_ASSISTANCE"],"dimension":"ANALYSIS","format":"ERROR_SPOT","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"ASSISTANCE_ERRORS","difficulty":"ADVANCED","estimated_time_s":100,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000009","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000009","section_id":"pitfalls"},"references":["IAS 20 §34","IAS 20 §35","IAS 20 §36"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Spot the erroneous statements.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Rule to remember: no estimated amount for assistance that cannot be valued, information necessary, normal transactions excluded (IAS 20, paras. 34-36).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Inventing an amount for assistance that cannot be valued.","es":""},"format":"ERROR_SPOT","statements":[{"id":"e1","text":{"fr":"","en":"Assistance that cannot be valued is recorded at an estimated amount, for lack of anything better.","es":""},"erroneous":true,"correction":{"fr":"","en":"Assistance that cannot be valued is not recorded at an estimated amount (IAS 20, para. 34).","es":""}},{"id":"e2","text":{"fr":"","en":"Information about the assistance helps the reader understand its effect.","es":""},"erroneous":false},{"id":"e3","text":{"fr":"","en":"A sale of goods to the State on usual terms is government assistance.","es":""},"erroneous":true,"correction":{"fr":"","en":"A normal transaction with the State is not assistance (IAS 20, paras. 34-36).","es":""}}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000083","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.ASSISTANCE.OTHER_ASSISTANCE"],"dimension":"PROFESSIONAL_JUDGMENT","format":"MINI_CASE","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"AID_EVALUABILITY_CASE","difficulty":"EXPERT","estimated_time_s":200,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000009","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000009","section_id":"judgment"},"references":["IAS 20 §34","IAS 20 §35","IAS 20 §36"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Decide the treatment of two forms of help received by Vistrel.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"The criterion is the existence of a reliable measurement basis: without it, no estimated amount and information; with it, analysis as a grant (IAS 20, paras. 34-36). Rule to remember: whether it can be valued depends on a reliable basis, not on being free.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Considering all free assistance as not valuable.","es":""},"format":"MINI_CASE","scenario":{"fr":"","en":"Teaching assumption: Vistrel received two forms of help. Help 1 is free support from a public agency, with no comparable market price or reliable measurement basis (case data). Help 2 is the free provision of equipment for which an independent lessor publishes the annual rate of €24,000 for identical equipment (case data).","es":""},"parts":[{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Which treatment applies to help 1?","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Assistance without a reliable measurement basis: no estimated amount, information necessary (IAS 20, paras. 34-36).","es":""},"format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"No estimated amount; information describes the assistance and its effect","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"An income item estimated by guesswork","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Without a reliable measurement basis, no estimated amount is recorded (IAS 20, para. 34).","es":""}},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"No treatment, no information","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The assistance calls for information on its effect (IAS 20, paras. 34-36).","es":""}}],"id":"p1","dimension":"PROFESSIONAL_JUDGMENT"},{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"For help 2, what does the existence of a published rate change?","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"A reliable measurement basis makes the assistance quantifiable: the analysis then follows that of grants (IAS 20, para. 34).","es":""},"format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"Nothing: all free assistance is not valuable","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Whether it can be valued depends on a reliable basis existing, here a published rate (IAS 20, para. 34).","es":""}},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"The assistance becomes a repayable loan","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Being able to value does not turn the assistance into a loan (IAS 20).","es":""}},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"A reliable measurement basis exists: the assistance may fall under the treatment of grants, to be analysed according to the case","es":""},"correct":true}],"id":"p2","dimension":"ANALYSIS"}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000084","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.DISCLOSURE.POLICY"],"dimension":"RULE_KNOWLEDGE","format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"POLICY_DISCLOSURE","difficulty":"BEGINNER","estimated_time_s":55,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000010","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000010","section_id":"rule-policy"},"references":["IAS 20 §39"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Which item belongs to the \"accounting policy and presentation methods\" for grants?","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"The presentation method adopted is part of the first set of disclosures (IAS 20, para. 39).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Omitting the presentation method adopted for asset grants.","es":""},"format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"The statement that asset grants are presented as deferred income","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"The detail of probable future repayments of each grant","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"These are unfulfilled conditions and contingencies, another set of disclosures (IAS 20, para. 39).","es":""}},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"The total grants collected during the year","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Amounts belong to the nature and extent of the assistance (IAS 20, para. 39).","es":""}},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"The list of the entity suppliers","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"It has no link with grants (IAS 20, para. 39).","es":""}}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000085","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.DISCLOSURE.NATURE_AND_EXTENT"],"dimension":"RECOGNITION","format":"FILL_BLANK","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"NATURE_EXTENT_FILL","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","estimated_time_s":55,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000010","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000010","section_id":"rule-nature"},"references":["IAS 20 §39"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Complete the sentence.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"The disclosures cover the nature and extent of the assistance (IAS 20, para. 39). Rule to remember: the nature and extent of grants and other assistance are disclosed.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Choosing unrelated items such as creation date: disclosure covers the nature and extent of grants recognised.","es":""},"format":"FILL_BLANK","text":{"fr":"","en":"The entity discloses the {{b1}} and {{b2}} of the grants and other assistance recognised.","es":""},"blanks":[{"id":"b1","mode":"CHOICE","choices":[{"id":"a","text":{"fr":"","en":"colour","es":""}},{"id":"b","text":{"fr":"","en":"nature","es":""}},{"id":"c","text":{"fr":"","en":"creation date","es":""}}],"answer":"b"},{"id":"b2","mode":"CHOICE","choices":[{"id":"a","text":{"fr":"","en":"extent","es":""}},{"id":"b","text":{"fr":"","en":"owner","es":""}},{"id":"c","text":{"fr":"","en":"language","es":""}}],"answer":"a"}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000086","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.DISCLOSURE.NATURE_AND_EXTENT"],"dimension":"CALCULATION","format":"CALCULATION","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"GRANTS_TOTAL_RECOGNISED","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","estimated_time_s":70,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000010","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000010","section_id":"numeric-disclosure"},"references":["IAS 20 §39"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Ostrel recognised an equipment grant of €240,000 and a training grant of €90,000 (a €120,000 grant remains subject to unfulfilled conditions). Calculate the total grants recognised to disclose.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"240,000 + 90,000 = 330,000; the 120,000 grant is not recognised but its unfulfilled condition is to be disclosed (IAS 20, para. 39). Rule to remember: nature and extent for what is recognised, unfulfilled conditions separately.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Including in the total recognised the grant still subject to unfulfilled conditions.","es":""},"format":"CALCULATION","data":[{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Equipment grant","es":""},"value":"240000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Training grant","es":""},"value":"90000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Grant subject to unfulfilled conditions","es":""},"value":"120000","unit":"EUR"}],"steps":[{"id":"tot","label":{"fr":"","en":"Total recognised","es":""},"answer":330000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"}],"formula":{"lines":[{"step":"tot","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Total recognised","es":""},"expression":"a + b","variables":[{"symbol":"a","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Equipment grant","es":""},"value":240000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"b","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Training grant","es":""},"value":90000,"unit":"EUR"}],"result":330000,"unit":"EUR"}],"rationale":{"fr":"","en":"nature and extent for what is recognised, unfulfilled conditions separately.","es":""},"references":["REF.IAS20.39"]}},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000087","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.DISCLOSURE.POLICY","IAS20.DISCLOSURE.NATURE_AND_EXTENT"],"dimension":"APPLICATION","format":"MATCHING","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"DISCLOSURE_SETS_MATCHING","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","estimated_time_s":75,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000010","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000010","section_id":"rule-policy"},"references":["IAS 20 §39"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Match each item of information to the set it belongs to.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Rule to remember: three sets of disclosures: policy, nature and extent, unfulfilled conditions and contingencies (IAS 20, para. 39).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Confusing the three sets of disclosures.","es":""},"format":"MATCHING","left":[{"id":"l1","text":{"fr":"","en":"Income grants are presented as a deduction from the expense","es":""}},{"id":"l2","text":{"fr":"","en":"Equipment grants: €240,000; training grants: €90,000","es":""}},{"id":"l3","text":{"fr":"","en":"An employment condition is not yet met and could lead to repayment","es":""}}],"right":[{"id":"r2","text":{"fr":"","en":"Nature and extent of the assistance","es":""}},{"id":"r3","text":{"fr":"","en":"Unfulfilled conditions and contingencies","es":""}},{"id":"r1","text":{"fr":"","en":"Accounting policy and presentation methods","es":""}}],"pairs":[{"left":"l1","right":"r1"},{"left":"l2","right":"r2"},{"left":"l3","right":"r3"}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000088","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.DISCLOSURE.POLICY","IAS20.DISCLOSURE.NATURE_AND_EXTENT"],"dimension":"ANALYSIS","format":"ERROR_SPOT","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"DISCLOSURE_ERRORS_OPT","difficulty":"ADVANCED","estimated_time_s":100,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000010","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000010","section_id":"pitfalls"},"references":["IAS 20 §39"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Spot the erroneous statements.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Rule to remember: the method and the nature of the assistance are to be disclosed, with their extent (IAS 20, para. 39).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Disclosing only the total amount without the nature of the assistance.","es":""},"format":"ERROR_SPOT","statements":[{"id":"e1","text":{"fr":"","en":"It is enough to disclose the total amount of grants, without detail on their nature.","es":""},"erroneous":true,"correction":{"fr":"","en":"The nature and extent of the assistance are to be disclosed, not just a total (IAS 20, para. 39).","es":""}},{"id":"e2","text":{"fr":"","en":"The presentation method for grants is described in the disclosures.","es":""},"erroneous":false},{"id":"e3","text":{"fr":"","en":"The method adopted for asset grants may remain undescribed if it is consistent.","es":""},"erroneous":true,"correction":{"fr":"","en":"The accounting and presentation method is to be disclosed (IAS 20, para. 39).","es":""}}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000089","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.DISCLOSURE.UNFULFILLED_CONDITIONS"],"dimension":"RECOGNITION","format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"UNFULFILLED_CONDITION_SC","difficulty":"ADVANCED","estimated_time_s":80,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000010","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000010","section_id":"rule-unfulfilled"},"references":["IAS 20 §39"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Ostrel has not yet met an employment condition attached to a €120,000 grant and repayment is possible. What must it do in its disclosures?","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Unfulfilled conditions and contingencies relating to assistance are to be disclosed (IAS 20, para. 39).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Not mentioning an unfulfilled condition that could lead to repayment.","es":""},"format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"Say nothing until the repayment is decided","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Unfulfilled conditions and other contingencies are to be disclosed (IAS 20, para. 39).","es":""}},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"Disclose the unfulfilled condition and the associated repayment risk","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"Immediately recognise a repayment of €120,000","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Disclosure of the condition is required; recognising a repayment depends on how the assurance develops (IAS 20).","es":""}},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"Replace the disclosure by a systematic provision","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The standard asks for disclosure; it does not replace it with an automatic provision (IAS 20, para. 39).","es":""}}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000090","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.DISCLOSURE.UNFULFILLED_CONDITIONS","IAS20.DISCLOSURE.NATURE_AND_EXTENT"],"dimension":"DOCUMENTATION","format":"MINI_CASE","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"DISCLOSURE_NOTE_CASE","difficulty":"EXPERT","estimated_time_s":220,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000010","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000010","section_id":"judgment"},"references":["IAS 20 §39"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Prepare Ostrel's grants note.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"The note covers the three sets of disclosures (IAS 20, para. 39). Rule to remember: policy, nature and extent, unfulfilled conditions: all with no imposed threshold.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Disclosing only the total, with no method or condition.","es":""},"format":"MINI_CASE","scenario":{"fr":"","en":"Teaching assumption: Ostrel recognised an equipment grant of €240,000 (deferred income) and a training grant of €90,000 (as a deduction from training costs). A €120,000 grant depends on an employment condition that will only be checked in two years; the entity considers it has reasonable assurance of meeting it (case data).","es":""},"parts":[{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Which items should the note contain? (several answers)","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Professional judgement: the note covers the method, the nature and extent, and the condition not yet verified (IAS 20, para. 39). Rule to remember: three sets of disclosures, with no imposed probability threshold.","es":""},"format":"MULTIPLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"The method: deferred income for equipment, deduction for training","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"The nature and extent: €240,000 of equipment and €90,000 of training","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"The employment condition of the €120,000 grant and its verification date","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"A 90% probability rate for the employment condition","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The standard sets no probability rate; assurance is a judgement of the case (IAS 20).","es":""}}],"id":"p1","dimension":"DOCUMENTATION"},{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Calculate the total grants recognised in the year.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"240,000 + 90,000 = 330,000. Rule to remember: nature and extent concern the assistance recognised (IAS 20, para. 39).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Taking only one of the two grants: extent covers all grants recognised in the year.","es":""},"format":"CALCULATION","data":[{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Equipment grant","es":""},"value":"240000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Training grant","es":""},"value":"90000","unit":"EUR"}],"steps":[{"id":"tot","label":{"fr":"","en":"Total recognised","es":""},"answer":330000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"}],"id":"p2","dimension":"CALCULATION","formula":{"lines":[{"step":"tot","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Total recognised","es":""},"expression":"a + b","variables":[{"symbol":"a","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Equipment grant","es":""},"value":240000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"b","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Training grant","es":""},"value":90000,"unit":"EUR"}],"result":330000,"unit":"EUR"}],"rationale":{"fr":"","en":"nature and extent concern the assistance recognised (IAS 20, para. 39).","es":""},"references":["REF.IAS20.39"]}}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000091","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.TRANSITION.EFFECTIVE_DATES"],"dimension":"RULE_KNOWLEDGE","format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"APPLICABLE_TEXT","difficulty":"ADVANCED","estimated_time_s":60,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000011","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000011","section_id":"rule-dates"},"references":["IAS 20 §40","IAS 20 §41"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"To deal with a file on the year ended three years ago, which text of IAS 20 should be applied?","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"The applicable text is the one in force for the period concerned (IAS 20, effective date and transition provisions).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Applying an obsolete transitional provision to a current period, or the recent text to an old period.","es":""},"format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"The most recent version","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"A recent version does not apply before its effective date (IAS 20, effective date and transition provisions).","es":""}},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"The original version of the standard","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Later amendments may apply to the period according to their dates (IAS 20, effective date and transition provisions).","es":""}},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"The version in force for that year, according to the effective dates","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"The one the entity prefers","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The choice is not free: the applicable version follows from the effective-date provisions (IAS 20, effective date and transition provisions).","es":""}}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000092","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.TRANSITION.EFFECTIVE_DATES"],"dimension":"RULE_KNOWLEDGE","format":"TRUE_FALSE","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"AMENDED_TEXT_TF","difficulty":"ADVANCED","estimated_time_s":55,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000011","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000011","section_id":"rule-versions"},"references":["IAS 20 §10A","IAS 20 §40"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Paragraph 10A of IAS 20 on below-market government loans was not in the original text of the standard.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Para. 10A comes from a later amendment (IAS 20, para. 10A); its dates are to be checked in the applicable edition. Rule to remember: a standard accumulates versions: the one for the period applies.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Applying an obsolete transitional provision to a current period.","es":""},"format":"TRUE_FALSE","answer":true},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000093","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.TRANSITION.EFFECTIVE_DATES"],"dimension":"ANALYSIS","format":"ERROR_SPOT","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"TRANSITION_ERRORS","difficulty":"ADVANCED","estimated_time_s":100,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000011","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000011","section_id":"pitfalls"},"references":["IAS 20 §40","IAS 20 §41"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Spot the erroneous statements.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Rule to remember: the version in force for the period applies, checking the consequential amendments (IAS 20, effective date and transition provisions).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Applying an obsolete transitional provision to a current period.","es":""},"format":"ERROR_SPOT","statements":[{"id":"e1","text":{"fr":"","en":"An amendment always applies from its publication, with no effective date.","es":""},"erroneous":true,"correction":{"fr":"","en":"An amendment applies from its effective date and according to its transitional provisions (IAS 20, effective date and transition provisions).","es":""}},{"id":"e2","text":{"fr":"","en":"The text to apply is the version in force for the period concerned.","es":""},"erroneous":false},{"id":"e3","text":{"fr":"","en":"Consequential amendments from other standards never affect IAS 20.","es":""},"erroneous":true,"correction":{"fr":"","en":"Consequential amendments from other standards may concern IAS 20; their dates are to be checked (IAS 20, effective date and transition provisions).","es":""}}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000094","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.TRANSITION.EFFECTIVE_DATES"],"dimension":"PROFESSIONAL_JUDGMENT","format":"MINI_CASE","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"NON_CALENDAR_YEAR","difficulty":"EXPERT","estimated_time_s":180,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000011","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000011","section_id":"judgment"},"references":["IAS 20 §40"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Determine the first year of application of a fictitious amendment.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"We find the first year beginning on or after the date, then decide on any early application (IAS 20, effective date and transition provisions). Rule to remember: the applicable version depends on the opening date of the year.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Confusing the closing date with the opening date of the year.","es":""},"format":"MINI_CASE","scenario":{"fr":"","en":"Teaching assumption (fictitious amendment, used only for the exercise): an amendment to a standard applies to annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2027, early application permitted. The entity Norlane closes its accounts on 30 June.","es":""},"parts":[{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"What is the first Norlane year for which the amendment is mandatory?","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"The amendment applies to the first year beginning on or after the date, that is the one starting on 1 July 2027 (IAS 20, effective date and transition provisions).","es":""},"format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"The year ended on 30 June 2027","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"This year began on 1 July 2026, before the date: it is not covered by the amendment (barring early application) (IAS 20, effective date and transition provisions).","es":""}},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"The year beginning on 1 July 2027 and ending on 30 June 2028","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"The year ended on 31 December 2027","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Norlane closes on 30 June: no year ends on that date (IAS 20, effective date and transition provisions).","es":""}},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"The year ended on 30 June 2029","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"An earlier year begins after 1 January 2027; the amendment already applies to it (IAS 20, effective date and transition provisions).","es":""}}],"id":"p1","dimension":"APPLICATION"},{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Norlane may apply the amendment early to the year ended 30 June 2027, since early application is permitted.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Professional judgement: early application is an option in the case; it is decided and documented before the closing (IAS 20, effective date and transition provisions). Rule to remember: the entity finds the applicable version and decides on any early application.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Applying the amendment without a decision or documentation: early application is an option to be decided and documented before year-end.","es":""},"format":"TRUE_FALSE","answer":true,"id":"p2","dimension":"PROFESSIONAL_JUDGMENT"}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000095","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.INTERACTIONS.IAS16_BASELINE"],"dimension":"RULE_KNOWLEDGE","format":"TRUE_FALSE","context":"MANUFACTURING","tested_point":"IAS16_DEDUCTION_TF","difficulty":"BEGINNER","estimated_time_s":50,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000012","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000012","section_id":"rule-ias16"},"references":["IAS 20 §24"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"With the deduction method, the asset grant reduces the carrying amount of the fixed asset.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Rule to remember: deduction reduces the carrying amount of the asset and depreciation (IAS 20, para. 24).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Depreciating the gross cost after deducting the grant.","es":""},"format":"TRUE_FALSE","answer":true},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000096","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.INTERACTIONS.IAS16_BASELINE"],"dimension":"CALCULATION","format":"CALCULATION","context":"MANUFACTURING","tested_point":"DEPRECIATION_NET_COST","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","estimated_time_s":90,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000012","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000012","section_id":"numeric-ias16"},"references":["IAS 20 §24","IAS 20 §27"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"A €300,000 machine receives a €60,000 grant treated by deduction; 5 years, straight line, nil residual value (case data). Calculate the net cost and the annual depreciation.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"300,000 − 60,000 = 240,000; 240,000 ÷ 5 = 48,000. Rule to remember: under deduction, depreciation is based on the net cost (IAS 20, para. 27).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Computing depreciation on the gross cost after deducting the grant.","es":""},"format":"CALCULATION","data":[{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Cost","es":""},"value":"300000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Grant","es":""},"value":"60000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Useful life","es":""},"value":"5","unit":"YEARS"}],"steps":[{"id":"net","label":{"fr":"","en":"Net cost","es":""},"answer":240000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"},{"id":"dep","label":{"fr":"","en":"Annual depreciation","es":""},"answer":48000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"}],"formula":{"lines":[{"step":"net","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Net cost","es":""},"expression":"a - b","variables":[{"symbol":"a","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Cost","es":""},"value":300000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"b","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Grant","es":""},"value":60000,"unit":"EUR"}],"result":240000,"unit":"EUR"},{"step":"dep","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Annual depreciation","es":""},"expression":"a / b","variables":[{"symbol":"a","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Net cost","es":""},"value":240000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"b","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Useful life","es":""},"value":5,"unit":"YEARS"}],"result":48000,"unit":"EUR"}],"rationale":{"fr":"","en":"under deduction, depreciation is based on the net cost (IAS 20, para. 27).","es":""},"references":["REF.IAS20.27"]}},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000097","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.INTERACTIONS.IAS16_BASELINE"],"dimension":"PROFESSIONAL_JUDGMENT","format":"ERROR_SPOT","context":"MANUFACTURING","tested_point":"IAS16_NOT_IMPOSED","difficulty":"ADVANCED","estimated_time_s":90,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000012","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000012","section_id":"rule-ias16"},"references":["IAS 20 §24","IAS 20 §27"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Spot the erroneous statements.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Rule to remember: the choice deferred income / deduction belongs to IAS 20; under deduction depreciation is on the net cost (IAS 20, para. 24) (IAS 20, para. 27).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Presenting deduction of the grant from cost as imposed by IAS 16.","es":""},"format":"ERROR_SPOT","statements":[{"id":"e1","text":{"fr":"","en":"IAS 16 requires the grant to be deducted from the cost of the fixed asset.","es":""},"erroneous":true,"correction":{"fr":"","en":"IAS 20 allows two presentations (deferred income or deduction); deduction is not imposed (IAS 20, para. 24).","es":""}},{"id":"e2","text":{"fr":"","en":"With deferred income, the asset stays recorded at its gross cost.","es":""},"erroneous":false},{"id":"e3","text":{"fr":"","en":"With deduction, depreciation is calculated on the gross cost.","es":""},"erroneous":true,"correction":{"fr":"","en":"With deduction, depreciation is calculated on the net cost (IAS 20, para. 27).","es":""}}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000098","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.INTERACTIONS.IFRS9_LOANS"],"dimension":"ANALYSIS","format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"IFRS9_BOUNDARY","difficulty":"ADVANCED","estimated_time_s":90,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000012","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000012","section_id":"rule-ifrs9"},"references":["IAS 20 §10A"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"For a below-market government loan, which of these splits between standards is correct?","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"IFRS 9 for measuring the loan, IAS 20 for the difference treated as a grant (IAS 20, para. 10A).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Applying IAS 20 to every fair value difference of a loan without examining whether the consideration exceeds the financial liability.","es":""},"format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"IAS 20 measures the loan at initial recognition and IFRS 9 treats the difference with the proceeds received as a grant","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"It is the other way round: IFRS 9 measures the loan and IAS 20 treats the difference as a grant (IAS 20, para. 10A).","es":""}},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"IAS 20 deals with everything, including measurement of the loan","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Measurement of the loan at initial recognition belongs to IFRS 9 (IAS 20, para. 10A).","es":""}},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"IFRS 9 deals with everything, the difference included, with no grant","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The benefit of the loan is treated as a grant under IAS 20 (IAS 20, para. 10A).","es":""}},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"IFRS 9 measures the loan at initial recognition; IAS 20 treats the difference with the proceeds received as a grant","es":""},"correct":true}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000099","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.INTERACTIONS.IFRS9_LOANS"],"dimension":"CALCULATION","format":"CALCULATION","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"LOAN_CLOSING_LIABILITY","difficulty":"ADVANCED","estimated_time_s":130,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000012","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000012","section_id":"rule-ifrs9"},"references":["IAS 20 §10A"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Sorvane has a government loan whose initial amount under IFRS 9 is €445,535, with an effective rate of 5% (case convention) and contractual interest of €5,000 paid at the end of year 1. Calculate the year-1 interest expense (rounded to the euro) and the closing liability.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"445,535 × 5% = 22,277; 445,535 + 22,277 − 5,000 = 462,812. Case convention: effective rate of 5%. Rule to remember: subsequent measurement of the loan belongs to IFRS 9, not IAS 20 (IAS 20, para. 10A). Effect on the financial statements: the interest expense of €22,277 exceeds the coupon paid.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Computing interest at the 1% contractual rate instead of the effective rate.","es":""},"format":"CALCULATION","data":[{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Initial amount (IFRS 9)","es":""},"value":"445535","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Effective rate (case convention)","es":""},"value":"5","unit":"%"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Interest paid","es":""},"value":"5000","unit":"EUR"}],"steps":[{"id":"int","label":{"fr":"","en":"Year-1 interest expense","es":""},"answer":22277,"tolerance":1,"unit":"EUR"},{"id":"close","label":{"fr":"","en":"Closing liability","es":""},"answer":462812,"tolerance":1,"unit":"EUR"}],"formula":{"lines":[{"step":"close","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Closing liability","es":""},"expression":"a + b - c","variables":[{"symbol":"a","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Initial amount (IFRS 9)","es":""},"value":445535,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"b","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Year-1 interest expense","es":""},"value":22277,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"c","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Interest paid","es":""},"value":5000,"unit":"EUR"}],"result":462812,"unit":"EUR"}],"rationale":{"fr":"","en":"subsequent measurement of the loan belongs to IFRS 9, not IAS 20 (IAS 20, para. 10A). Effect on the financial statements: the interest expense of €22,277 exceeds the coupon paid.","es":""},"references":["REF.IAS20.10A"]}},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000100","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.INTERACTIONS.IFRS9_LOANS"],"dimension":"PROFESSIONAL_JUDGMENT","format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"IFRS9_CONSIDERATION_EXAMINATION","difficulty":"EXPERT","estimated_time_s":170,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000012","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000012","section_id":"rule-ifrs9"},"references":["IAS 20 §10A"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"A public body grants Calvane an €800,000 low-rate loan, also requiring the entity to assign to it exploitation rights on a patent (case data). The gap between the proceeds received and the initial amount of the loan is €90,000. Which approach is prudent before applying IAS 20 to this gap?","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Professional judgement: before applying IAS 20, examine whether the consideration exceeds the financial liability alone; this examination comes from IFRS 9 and the IFRS IC decision on TLTRO III, not from the text of para. 10A, which only addresses the part of the difference that is a grant (IAS 20, para. 10A). The detailed analysis belongs to IFRS 9, covered in its course.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Applying IAS 20 to every fair value difference of a loan without examining the consideration.","es":""},"format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"Treat the €90,000 as an IAS 20 grant without examination, since the lender is a public body and the rate is below the market rate","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Without this examination (IFRS 9; IFRS IC decision on TLTRO III), IAS 20 is applied to any fair value difference: this is the error to avoid.","es":""}},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"Examine whether the consideration received exceeds the financial liability: part of the gap may pay for the rights assigned","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"Recognise the gap as an immediate expense","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The gap on a government loan is analysed before any classification as an expense (IAS 20, para. 10A).","es":""}},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"Ignore the gap, since IFRS 9 already measures the loan and the treatment stops at that measurement","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"IFRS 9 measures the loan; the treatment of the gap requires an analysis of its nature (IAS 20, para. 10A).","es":""}}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000101","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.INTERACTIONS.IAS23_CAPITALISATION"],"dimension":"CALCULATION","format":"CALCULATION","context":"REAL_ESTATE","tested_point":"CAPITALISATION_BASE","difficulty":"ADVANCED","estimated_time_s":120,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000012","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000012","section_id":"rule-ias23"},"references":["IAS 23 §18"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Case convention: an entity builds an asset with expenditure of €1,000,000 and receives for this asset a €200,000 grant; the capitalisation rate is 5% for a full year (assumption). Calculate the net base and the capitalisable borrowing costs (IAS 23 rule, covered in its course).","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"1,000,000 − 200,000 = 800,000; 800,000 × 5% = 40,000 (not 50,000 on gross expenditure). Case convention: 5% rate, full year. Rule to remember: under IAS 23, the grant received reduces the expenditure that serves as the base for capitalisation (IAS 23, para. 18).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Computing capitalisable costs on gross expenditure without reducing the expenditure by grants received.","es":""},"format":"CALCULATION","data":[{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Expenditure","es":""},"value":"1000000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Grant received","es":""},"value":"200000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Capitalisation rate","es":""},"value":"5","unit":"%"}],"steps":[{"id":"base","label":{"fr":"","en":"Net base","es":""},"answer":800000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"},{"id":"cap","label":{"fr":"","en":"Capitalisable costs","es":""},"answer":40000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"}],"formula":{"lines":[{"step":"base","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Net base","es":""},"expression":"a - b","variables":[{"symbol":"a","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Expenditure","es":""},"value":1000000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"b","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Grant received","es":""},"value":200000,"unit":"EUR"}],"result":800000,"unit":"EUR"}],"rationale":{"fr":"","en":"under IAS 23, the grant received reduces the expenditure that serves as the base for capitalisation (IAS 23, para. 18).","es":""},"references":["REF.IAS23.18"]}},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"LX.IAS20.000102","source":"V2","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.INTERACTIONS.IAS16_BASELINE","IAS20.INTERACTIONS.IFRS9_LOANS","IAS20.INTERACTIONS.IAS23_CAPITALISATION"],"dimension":"ANALYSIS","format":"MINI_CASE","context":"GENERIC","tested_point":"INTERACTION_ROUTING","difficulty":"EXPERT","estimated_time_s":200,"lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000012","review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000012","section_id":"judgment"},"references":["IAS 20 §24","IAS 20 §10A","IAS 23 §18"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Tie each question in a file to the standard concerned.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Each question belongs to its standard; the grant influences the capitalisable expenditure (IAS 23, para. 18) and the carrying amount (IAS 20, para. 24) (IAS 20, para. 10A). Rule to remember: IAS 20 deals with the grant, the other standards with their own questions.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Dealing in IAS 20 with questions that belong to neighbouring standards.","es":""},"format":"MINI_CASE","scenario":{"fr":"","en":"Teaching assumption: the fictitious company Brédane builds a plant with expenditure of €1,000,000 financed partly by borrowing, receives for this plant a €200,000 grant treated by deduction, and benefits from a below-market government loan for another part of the financing. The finance director lists four questions.","es":""},"parts":[{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Match each question to the standard concerned.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Rule to remember: each question ties to its standard: grant (IAS 20), loan (IFRS 9), interest (IAS 23), carrying amount and depreciation (IAS 16) (IAS 20, para. 24) (IAS 20, para. 10A).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Dealing with everything under IAS 20: the loan falls under IFRS 9, interest under IAS 23 and depreciation under IAS 16.","es":""},"format":"MATCHING","left":[{"id":"l1","text":{"fr":"","en":"How should the €200,000 grant be presented?","es":""}},{"id":"l2","text":{"fr":"","en":"How should the government loan be measured at initial recognition?","es":""}},{"id":"l3","text":{"fr":"","en":"Which borrowing interest should be included in the cost of the plant?","es":""}},{"id":"l4","text":{"fr":"","en":"On which carrying amount should the depreciation of the plant be calculated?","es":""}}],"right":[{"id":"r3","text":{"fr":"","en":"IAS 23","es":""}},{"id":"r4","text":{"fr":"","en":"IAS 16","es":""}},{"id":"r1","text":{"fr":"","en":"IAS 20","es":""}},{"id":"r2","text":{"fr":"","en":"IFRS 9","es":""}}],"pairs":[{"left":"l1","right":"r1"},{"left":"l2","right":"r2"},{"left":"l3","right":"r3"},{"left":"l4","right":"r4"}],"id":"p1","dimension":"ANALYSIS"},{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Case convention: capitalisation rate of 5% for a full year. Calculate the capitalisable borrowing costs on the expenditure net of the grant.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"(1,000,000 − 200,000) × 5% = 40,000. Case convention: 5% rate. Rule to remember: under IAS 23, the grant received reduces the capitalisation base.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Applying the rate to gross expenditure: the grant received reduces the base on which borrowing costs are capitalised.","es":""},"format":"CALCULATION","data":[{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Expenditure","es":""},"value":"1000000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Grant","es":""},"value":"200000","unit":"EUR"}],"steps":[{"id":"cap","label":{"fr":"","en":"Capitalisable costs","es":""},"answer":40000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"}],"id":"p2","dimension":"CALCULATION","formula":{"lines":[{"step":"cap","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Capitalisable costs","es":""},"expression":"(a - b) * c","variables":[{"symbol":"a","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Expenditure","es":""},"value":1000000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"b","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Grant","es":""},"value":200000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"c","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"capitalisation rate of 5% for a full year","es":""},"value":5,"unit":"PERCENT"}],"result":40000,"unit":"EUR"}],"rationale":{"fr":"","en":"under IAS 23, the grant received reduces the capitalisation base.","es":""},"references":["REF.IAS20.24","REF.IAS20.10A","REF.IAS23.18"]}}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"QST.IAS20.000001","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.SCOPE.OBJECTIVE_AND_SCOPE"],"dimension":"RULE_KNOWLEDGE","context":"V1_QST.IAS20.000001","tested_point":"QST.IAS20.000001","difficulty":"BEGINNER","source":"V1","format":"TRUE_FALSE","estimated_time_s":40,"lesson_id":null,"review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000001","section_id":"understand"},"references":["IAS 20 §1"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"IAS 20 deals with the accounting for government grants and with the disclosure of grants and of other forms of government assistance.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"The standard has two parts: accounting for government grants, and disclosure about grants as well as other forms of government assistance (IAS 20, para. 1). Approach: spot both parts in the statement. Trap: believing that the standard is limited to the accounting for grants alone. Rule to remember: IAS 20 covers the accounting for government grants and the disclosure about grants and other government assistance.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Limiting IAS 20 to the accounting for grants, ignoring the disclosure about other government assistance.","es":""},"format":"TRUE_FALSE","answer":true},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"QST.IAS20.000002","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.SCOPE.EXCLUSIONS"],"dimension":"RULE_KNOWLEDGE","context":"V1_QST.IAS20.000002","tested_point":"QST.IAS20.000002","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","source":"V1","format":"MULTIPLE_CHOICE","estimated_time_s":90,"lesson_id":null,"review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000001","section_id":"rule-exclusions"},"references":["IAS 20 §2"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Which of these items are outside the scope of IAS 20? (More than one answer possible.)","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"The scope of IAS 20 excludes the effects of changing prices, tax benefits, government participation in ownership and grants covered by IAS 41 (IAS 20, para. 2). Equipment and training grants remain in scope. Approach: compare each item with the list of exclusions. Trap: excluding an ordinary grant just because it comes from the government. Rule to remember: Tax benefits, government participation in ownership and IAS 41 grants are outside the scope of IAS 20.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Excluding an equipment or training grant simply because it comes from a public body.","es":""},"format":"MULTIPLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"A government grant financing the purchase of a production machine.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"A grant for equipment is not one of the exclusions: it falls within IAS 20 (IAS 20, para. 2). IAS 20 excludes in particular tax benefits, government participation in ownership, grants covered by IAS 41 and the effects of changing prices (IAS 20, para. 2). Rule to remember: Tax benefits, government participation in ownership and IAS 41 grants are outside the scope of IAS 20.","es":""}},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"A tax benefit consisting of a reduced tax rate granted by the government.","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"The government taking an equity interest in the entity.","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"A staff training grant paid by a public authority.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"A training grant is an ordinary government grant, so it is within the scope of IAS 20 (IAS 20, para. 2). IAS 20 excludes in particular tax benefits, government participation in ownership, grants covered by IAS 41 and the effects of changing prices (IAS 20, para. 2). Rule to remember: Tax benefits, government participation in ownership and IAS 41 grants are outside the scope of IAS 20.","es":""}},{"id":"E","text":{"fr":"","en":"A grant covered by IAS 41 on agricultural activity.","es":""},"correct":true}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"QST.IAS20.000003","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.SCOPE.DEFINITIONS"],"dimension":"RULE_KNOWLEDGE","context":"V1_QST.IAS20.000003","tested_point":"QST.IAS20.000003","difficulty":"BEGINNER","source":"V1","format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","estimated_time_s":60,"lesson_id":null,"review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000001","section_id":"rule-definitions"},"references":["IAS 20 §3"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"A public authority pays EUR 80,000 to an entity on condition that it acquires and operates a production machine. How does IAS 20 describe this grant?","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"IAS 20 distinguishes grants related to assets, whose main condition is to acquire a long-term asset, from grants related to income (IAS 20, para. 3). Here the payment depends on acquiring and operating a machine. Approach: read the main condition attached to the payment. Trap: classifying the grant by its currency or payment method. Rule to remember: A grant whose main condition is to acquire a long-term asset is a grant related to assets.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Classifying the grant by how it is paid rather than by its main condition.","es":""},"format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"A grant related to income, because it is paid in euros.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The way the grant is paid does not set its category: the main condition does, here the acquisition of an asset (IAS 20, para. 3). A grant whose main condition is the acquisition of a long-term asset is a grant related to assets (IAS 20, para. 3). Rule to remember: A grant whose main condition is to acquire a long-term asset is a grant related to assets.","es":""}},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"A grant related to assets, because its main condition is the acquisition of a long-term asset.","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"A form of government assistance that is not a grant, because the entity simply receives an economic benefit from the government.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"A transfer of resources in return for compliance with conditions is a grant, not assistance of another kind (IAS 20, para. 3). A grant whose main condition is the acquisition of a long-term asset is a grant related to assets (IAS 20, para. 3). Rule to remember: A grant whose main condition is to acquire a long-term asset is a grant related to assets.","es":""}},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"A repayable loan, because the entity will have to report on how the funds are used.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Reporting on the use of funds does not make a payment a loan: the contract provides for no repayment (IAS 20, para. 3). A grant whose main condition is the acquisition of a long-term asset is a grant related to assets (IAS 20, para. 3). Rule to remember: A grant whose main condition is to acquire a long-term asset is a grant related to assets.","es":""}}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"QST.IAS20.000004","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.SCOPE.DEFINITIONS"],"dimension":"APPLICATION","context":"V1_QST.IAS20.000004","tested_point":"QST.IAS20.000004","difficulty":"ADVANCED","source":"V1","format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","estimated_time_s":120,"lesson_id":null,"review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000001","section_id":"rule-definitions"},"references":["IAS 20 §3"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"A regional agency hands over EUR 300,000 to Orvane. The contract states that the agency will waive repayment if the entity keeps 40 jobs on the site for three years, and that any amount not waived will be repaid with interest. Which qualification from the definitions of IAS 20 fits this payment?","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"The contract transfers funds and provides for a waiver of repayment tied to keeping 40 jobs: this matches the forgivable loan defined by the standard (IAS 20, para. 3). Treating it as a grant then depends on reasonable assurance about the waiver, a point covered by another paragraph. Approach: first characterise the instrument from its terms. Trap: concluding that it is a final grant as soon as the cash arrives. Rule to remember: A payment whose repayment may be waived under conditions is a forgivable loan before it can, where relevant, be treated as a grant.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Treating any public payment received as an earned grant without reading the repayment clauses.","es":""},"format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"A tax benefit, outside the scope of IAS 20.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"No tax is reduced here: the agency pays out funds, which rules out a tax benefit (IAS 20, para. 3). The definitions of IAS 20 cover a loan whose lender undertakes to waive repayment if specified conditions are met (IAS 20, para. 3). Rule to remember: A payment whose repayment may be waived under conditions is a forgivable loan before it can, where relevant, be treated as a grant.","es":""}},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"A form of assistance that is not a grant, for lack of a transfer of resources.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Funds are transferred to the entity: this is not assistance that cannot be valued (IAS 20, para. 3). The definitions of IAS 20 cover a loan whose lender undertakes to waive repayment if specified conditions are met (IAS 20, para. 3). Rule to remember: A payment whose repayment may be waived under conditions is a forgivable loan before it can, where relevant, be treated as a grant.","es":""}},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"A grant related to income, recognisable on receipt.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Receipt is not enough: part of the funds may have to be returned, which sets this payment apart from a grant already earned (IAS 20, para. 3). The definitions of IAS 20 cover a loan whose lender undertakes to waive repayment if specified conditions are met (IAS 20, para. 3). Rule to remember: A payment whose repayment may be waived under conditions is a forgivable loan before it can, where relevant, be treated as a grant.","es":""}},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"A forgivable loan (a loan whose repayment may be waived if conditions are met).","es":""},"correct":true}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"QST.IAS20.000005","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.SCOPE.GOVERNMENT_ASSISTANCE_FORMS"],"dimension":"RULE_KNOWLEDGE","context":"V1_QST.IAS20.000005","tested_point":"QST.IAS20.000005","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","source":"V1","format":"TRUE_FALSE","estimated_time_s":40,"lesson_id":null,"review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000001","section_id":"rule-forms"},"references":["IAS 20 §34"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Any transaction with the government is a government grant under IAS 20 as soon as it gives the entity a benefit, including a sale made on normal market terms.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Some forms of government assistance are not grants: assistance that cannot be valued, and normal trading transactions with the government (IAS 20, para. 34). A sale on normal market terms is ordinary business, even if the buyer is a public body. Approach: check whether the entity receives a resource without a normal counterpart. Trap: seeing a grant in every dealing with the government. Rule to remember: A normal transaction with the government, indistinguishable from ordinary business, is not a grant.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Calling any flow with the government a grant without checking whether there is a benefit beyond a normal transaction.","es":""},"format":"TRUE_FALSE","answer":false},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"QST.IAS20.000006","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.RECOGNITION.REASONABLE_ASSURANCE"],"dimension":"ANALYSIS","context":"V1_QST.IAS20.000006","tested_point":"QST.IAS20.000006","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","source":"V1","format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","estimated_time_s":90,"lesson_id":null,"review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000002","section_id":"rule-assurance"},"references":["IAS 20 §7"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Four statements are put forward about the recognition of a government grant. Which one is wrong?","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"The standard makes recognition depend on a twofold reasonable assurance: compliance with the attached conditions and receipt of the grant, including for a non-monetary grant at fair value (IAS 20, para. 7). Signing an agreement does not replace that assurance. Approach: test each statement against these two conditions. Trap: equating the legal award with recognition. Rule to remember: A grant is recognised when there is reasonable assurance of meeting the conditions and of receiving it.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Recognising the grant at the legal award, before having reasonable assurance about the conditions.","es":""},"format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"The grant is recognised as soon as the award agreement is signed, even if the entity has no reasonable assurance of meeting its conditions.","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"There must be reasonable assurance that the entity will comply with the conditions attached to the grant.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"This statement is accurate: it holds no error, since compliance with the conditions must be reasonably assured (IAS 20, para. 7). A grant is recognised only when there is reasonable assurance that the entity will comply with the conditions and will receive the grant (IAS 20, para. 7). Rule to remember: A grant is recognised when there is reasonable assurance of meeting the conditions and of receiving it.","es":""}},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"There must also be reasonable assurance that the grant will in fact be received.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"This statement is accurate: receipt of the grant must also be reasonably assured, in addition to the conditions (IAS 20, para. 7). A grant is recognised only when there is reasonable assurance that the entity will comply with the conditions and will receive the grant (IAS 20, para. 7). Rule to remember: A grant is recognised when there is reasonable assurance of meeting the conditions and of receiving it.","es":""}},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"A non-monetary grant, measured at fair value, follows the same recognition conditions.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"This statement is accurate: a non-monetary grant at fair value is subject to the same reasonable assurance requirement (IAS 20, para. 7). A grant is recognised only when there is reasonable assurance that the entity will comply with the conditions and will receive the grant (IAS 20, para. 7). Rule to remember: A grant is recognised when there is reasonable assurance of meeting the conditions and of receiving it.","es":""}}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"QST.IAS20.000008","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.RECOGNITION.RECEIPT_NOT_EVIDENCE"],"dimension":"RULE_KNOWLEDGE","context":"V1_QST.IAS20.000008","tested_point":"QST.IAS20.000008","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","source":"V1","format":"TRUE_FALSE","estimated_time_s":40,"lesson_id":null,"review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000002","section_id":"rule-receipt"},"references":["IAS 20 §8"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Once an entity has received a government grant in cash, that receipt is enough to establish that the conditions attached to the grant have been or will be met.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Receipt is not evidence in itself that the conditions are met (IAS 20, para. 8): the entity may have received funds that it must return if it fails its commitments. Approach: separate receiving the funds from meeting the conditions. Trap: deriving reasonable assurance from the mere receipt of funds. Rule to remember: Receiving a grant does not by itself prove that its conditions are met.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Treating cash receipt as proof that the grant is definitively earned.","es":""},"format":"TRUE_FALSE","answer":false},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"QST.IAS20.000009","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.RECOGNITION.FORM_OF_RECEIPT"],"dimension":"RULE_KNOWLEDGE","context":"V1_QST.IAS20.000009","tested_point":"QST.IAS20.000009","difficulty":"BEGINNER","source":"V1","format":"TRUE_FALSE","estimated_time_s":40,"lesson_id":null,"review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000002","section_id":"rule-form"},"references":["IAS 20 §9"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Whether a grant is paid in cash or takes the form of a reduction of a liability the entity owes to the government, the accounting treatment of the grant is the same.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"The way a grant is received does not affect the accounting method: a reduction of a liability to the government is treated like a grant received in cash (IAS 20, para. 9). Approach: identify the nature of the benefit, not its payment channel. Trap: treating a liability reduction differently because no cash flow appears. Rule to remember: The way a grant is settled does not change its accounting treatment.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Excluding from grants an aid given through a liability reduction rather than in cash.","es":""},"format":"TRUE_FALSE","answer":true},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"QST.IAS20.000010","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.LOANS.FORGIVABLE_LOANS"],"dimension":"RULE_KNOWLEDGE","context":"V1_QST.IAS20.000010","tested_point":"QST.IAS20.000010","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","source":"V1","format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","estimated_time_s":60,"lesson_id":null,"review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000003","section_id":"rule-forgivable"},"references":["IAS 20 §10"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"A government loan will be waived if the entity keeps operating on the site for five years. Under what condition does IAS 20 treat it as a grant?","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"The criterion is reasonable assurance that the waiver conditions will be met (IAS 20, para. 10). Here, keeping the activity on site for five years is the condition to assess. Approach: identify the waiver condition, then judge whether meeting it is reasonably assured. Trap: confusing waiver of repayment with a reduced interest rate. Rule to remember: A forgivable government loan is treated as a grant when there is reasonable assurance that the entity will meet the conditions for waiver.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Treating the loan as a grant at inception without assessing whether the waiver conditions will be met.","es":""},"format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"From the grant of the loan, whatever the likelihood that the entity will meet the waiver conditions provided for.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The likelihood of meeting the conditions matters: the grant of the loan alone does not turn it into a grant (IAS 20, para. 10). A government loan that the government undertakes to waive under certain conditions (a forgivable loan) is treated as a grant when there is reasonable assurance that the entity will meet the conditions for waiver (IAS 20, para. 10). Rule to remember: A forgivable government loan is treated as a grant when there is reasonable assurance that the entity will meet the conditions for waiver.","es":""}},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"When the lending body has formally notified the waiver to the entity.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Formal notification is not the criterion adopted: the standard relies on reasonable assurance of meeting the waiver conditions (IAS 20, para. 10). A government loan that the government undertakes to waive under certain conditions (a forgivable loan) is treated as a grant when there is reasonable assurance that the entity will meet the conditions for waiver (IAS 20, para. 10). Rule to remember: A forgivable government loan is treated as a grant when there is reasonable assurance that the entity will meet the conditions for waiver.","es":""}},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"When there is reasonable assurance that the entity will meet the conditions for waiver.","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"When the interest rate on the loan is below the market rate.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"A reduced rate falls under another treatment, that of the benefit of a below-market loan, which is separate from waiver of repayment. A government loan that the government undertakes to waive under certain conditions (a forgivable loan) is treated as a grant when there is reasonable assurance that the entity will meet the conditions for waiver (IAS 20, para. 10). Rule to remember: A forgivable government loan is treated as a grant when there is reasonable assurance that the entity will meet the conditions for waiver.","es":""}}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"QST.IAS20.000012","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.LOANS.BELOW_MARKET_BENEFIT"],"dimension":"RULE_KNOWLEDGE","context":"V1_QST.IAS20.000012","tested_point":"QST.IAS20.000012","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","source":"V1","format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","estimated_time_s":60,"lesson_id":null,"review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000003","section_id":"rule-below"},"references":["IAS 20 §10A"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"A government loan is granted at an interest rate below the market rate. How does IAS 20 treat the benefit this gives to the borrower?","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"The loan is first measured under IFRS 9 at initial recognition; the difference from the proceeds received is the benefit, treated as a grant (IAS 20, para. 10A). Approach: measure the loan, then compare with the cash received. Trap: seeing the reduced rate only as a future effect on interest. Point to note: measuring the loan falls under IFRS 9, not IAS 20. Rule to remember: The benefit of a below-market government loan is the difference between the loan's initial value (IFRS 9) and the proceeds received, treated as a grant.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Ignoring the benefit of the reduced rate at initial recognition and letting it appear through interest over time.","es":""},"format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"As a grant, equal to the difference between the initial carrying amount of the loan under IFRS 9 and the proceeds received.","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"As immediate finance income, taken directly to equity.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The benefit is neither finance income nor a credit to equity: it is treated as a grant (IAS 20, para. 10A). The benefit of a below-market government loan is treated as a grant, equal to the difference between the loan's initial carrying amount (IFRS 9) and the proceeds received (IAS 20, para. 10A). Rule to remember: The benefit of a below-market government loan is the difference between the loan's initial value (IFRS 9) and the proceeds received, treated as a grant.","es":""}},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"As an adjustment to the interest rate applied to the loan in later years.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The benefit is recognised from the initial recognition of the loan, not through a rate adjustment in later years (IAS 20, para. 10A). The benefit of a below-market government loan is treated as a grant, equal to the difference between the loan's initial carrying amount (IFRS 9) and the proceeds received (IAS 20, para. 10A). Rule to remember: The benefit of a below-market government loan is the difference between the loan's initial value (IFRS 9) and the proceeds received, treated as a grant.","es":""}},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"As non-quantifiable government assistance, which the entity mentions in the notes without seeking to measure or recognise it.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The benefit can be measured: it is a quantifiable difference between the loan's initial value and the proceeds received (IAS 20, para. 10A). The benefit of a below-market government loan is treated as a grant, equal to the difference between the loan's initial carrying amount (IFRS 9) and the proceeds received (IAS 20, para. 10A). Rule to remember: The benefit of a below-market government loan is the difference between the loan's initial value (IFRS 9) and the proceeds received, treated as a grant.","es":""}}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"QST.IAS20.000013","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.LOANS.BELOW_MARKET_BENEFIT"],"dimension":"CALCULATION","context":"V1_QST.IAS20.000013","tested_point":"QST.IAS20.000013","difficulty":"ADVANCED","source":"V1","format":"NUMERICAL","estimated_time_s":180,"lesson_id":null,"review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000003","section_id":"rule-below"},"references":["IAS 20 §10A"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"A public body grants Valmeyer an interest-free loan of {loan_proceeds}, repayable in one instalment in {periods} years. Case assumption: the market rate for a comparable loan is {market_rate}% a year. Calculate the initial value of the loan by discounting the final repayment, then the benefit of the loan. Round to the euro.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Approach: the loan is measured at initial recognition (IFRS 9); here, the present value of the repayment at the market rate given by the case: 500,000 ÷ (1.06 × 1.06 × 1.06) = 500,000 ÷ 1.191016 = 419,810. The benefit is the difference from the proceeds received (IAS 20, para. 10A): 500,000 − 419,810 = 80,190, treated as a grant. Trap: taking 500,000 as the initial value, which wipes out the benefit. Rule to remember: The benefit of an interest-free government loan is the proceeds received less the initial value of the loan, calculated at the case's market rate.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Using the proceeds received as the initial value of the loan without discounting the repayment.","es":""},"format":"CALCULATION","placeholders":[{"id":"loan_proceeds","value":"500000","unit":"EUR"},{"id":"market_rate","value":"6","unit":"PERCENT"},{"id":"periods","value":"3","unit":"YEARS"}],"data":[{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Proceeds of the government loan","es":""},"value":"500000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Market rate adopted (case assumption)","es":""},"value":"6","unit":"PERCENT"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Period before repayment","es":""},"value":"3","unit":"YEARS"}],"steps":[{"id":"INITIAL_LOAN_VALUE","label":{"fr":"","en":"Initial value of the loan (rounded to the euro)","es":""},"answer":419810,"tolerance":1,"unit":"EUR"},{"id":"BENEFIT","label":{"fr":"","en":"Benefit of the loan (rounded to the euro)","es":""},"answer":80190,"tolerance":1,"unit":"EUR"}],"formula":{"lines":[{"step":"INITIAL_LOAN_VALUE","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Initial value of the loan (rounded to the euro)","es":""},"expression":"a / ((1 + b) * (1 + b) * (1 + b))","variables":[{"symbol":"a","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Proceeds of the government loan","es":""},"value":500000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"b","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Market rate adopted (case assumption)","es":""},"value":6,"unit":"PERCENT"}],"result":419810,"unit":"EUR"},{"step":"BENEFIT","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Benefit of the loan (rounded to the euro)","es":""},"expression":"a - b","variables":[{"symbol":"a","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Proceeds of the government loan","es":""},"value":500000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"b","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Initial value of the loan (rounded to the euro)","es":""},"value":419810,"unit":"EUR"}],"result":80190,"unit":"EUR","rationale":{"fr":"","en":"The benefit is the difference from the proceeds received (IAS 20, para. 10A): 500,000 − 419,810 = 80,190, treated as a grant.","es":""}}],"rationale":{"fr":"","en":"The benefit of an interest-free government loan is the proceeds received less the initial value of the loan, calculated at the case's market rate.","es":""},"references":["REF.IAS20.10A"]}},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"QST.IAS20.000016","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.INTERACTIONS.IFRS9_LOANS"],"dimension":"ANALYSIS","context":"V1_QST.IAS20.000016","tested_point":"QST.IAS20.000016","difficulty":"ADVANCED","source":"V1","format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","estimated_time_s":90,"lesson_id":null,"review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000012","section_id":"rule-ifrs9"},"references":["IAS 20 §10A"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Four statements concern the boundary between IFRS 9 and IAS 20 for a below-market government loan. Which one is wrong?","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"The boundary is clear: IFRS 9 measures the loan at initial recognition, and IAS 20 treats the difference from the proceeds received as a grant (IAS 20, para. 10A). IAS 20 does not dictate the market rate, which remains a case assumption to be supported. Approach: assign each step to the competent standard. Trap: attributing loan measurement rules to IAS 20. Rule to remember: IFRS 9 measures the loan; IAS 20 treats the difference from the proceeds received as a grant.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Looking in IAS 20 for the method to measure the loan initially.","es":""},"format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"The loan is measured under IFRS 9 at initial recognition.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"This statement is accurate: the initial measurement of the loan falls under IFRS 9, so it is not the error (IAS 20, para. 10A). The loan is measured under IFRS 9 at initial recognition, and IAS 20 treats the difference from the proceeds received as a grant (IAS 20, para. 10A). Rule to remember: IFRS 9 measures the loan; IAS 20 treats the difference from the proceeds received as a grant.","es":""}},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"The benefit is the difference between the loan's initial carrying amount and the proceeds received.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"This statement is accurate: the benefit is measured by that difference, so it is not the error (IAS 20, para. 10A). The loan is measured under IFRS 9 at initial recognition, and IAS 20 treats the difference from the proceeds received as a grant (IAS 20, para. 10A). Rule to remember: IFRS 9 measures the loan; IAS 20 treats the difference from the proceeds received as a grant.","es":""}},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"The benefit so measured is treated as a grant under IAS 20.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"This statement is accurate: IAS 20 treats the difference as a grant, so it is not the error (IAS 20, para. 10A). The loan is measured under IFRS 9 at initial recognition, and IAS 20 treats the difference from the proceeds received as a grant (IAS 20, para. 10A). Rule to remember: IFRS 9 measures the loan; IAS 20 treats the difference from the proceeds received as a grant.","es":""}},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"IAS 20 itself sets the market rate to be used to measure the loan.","es":""},"correct":true}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"QST.IAS20.000017","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.INTERACTIONS.IFRS9_LOANS"],"dimension":"CALCULATION","context":"V1_QST.IAS20.000017","tested_point":"QST.IAS20.000017","difficulty":"ADVANCED","source":"V1","format":"NUMERICAL","estimated_time_s":180,"lesson_id":null,"review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000012","section_id":"rule-ifrs9"},"references":["IAS 20 §10A"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Ferrand has obtained a government loan at a reduced rate, measured under IFRS 9 at {opening_liability} at initial recognition; the difference from the proceeds received has already been treated as a grant. Case convention: the loan is subsequently measured at amortised cost, at the effective interest rate of {effective_rate}% given by the case. It pays {payment} at year-end. Calculate the interest expense and the closing financial liability.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Approach: the initial measurement of the loan falls under IFRS 9, IAS 20 dealing only with the difference from the proceeds received (IAS 20, para. 10A); the liability is therefore rolled forward from its initial value. Interest = 400,000 × 7% = 28,000; closing liability = 400,000 + 28,000 − 20,000 = 408,000. Trap: computing interest on the amount received instead of on the loan's initial value. Rule to remember: Approach: the loan liability starts from its initial IFRS 9 value, increased by interest at the effective rate and reduced by payments.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Computing interest on the cash received instead of the initial value measured under IFRS 9.","es":""},"format":"CALCULATION","placeholders":[{"id":"opening_liability","value":"400000","unit":"EUR"},{"id":"effective_rate","value":"7","unit":"PERCENT"},{"id":"payment","value":"20000","unit":"EUR"}],"data":[{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Initial value of the loan under IFRS 9","es":""},"value":"400000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Effective interest rate (case input)","es":""},"value":"7","unit":"PERCENT"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Payment made at year-end","es":""},"value":"20000","unit":"EUR"}],"steps":[{"id":"EFFECTIVE_INTEREST","label":{"fr":"","en":"Interest expense for the year","es":""},"answer":28000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"},{"id":"CLOSING_LIABILITY","label":{"fr":"","en":"Closing financial liability","es":""},"answer":408000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"}],"formula":{"lines":[{"step":"EFFECTIVE_INTEREST","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Interest expense for the year","es":""},"expression":"a * b","variables":[{"symbol":"a","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Initial value of the loan under IFRS 9","es":""},"value":400000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"b","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Effective interest rate (case input)","es":""},"value":7,"unit":"PERCENT"}],"result":28000,"unit":"EUR"},{"step":"CLOSING_LIABILITY","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Closing financial liability","es":""},"expression":"a + b - c","variables":[{"symbol":"a","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Initial value of the loan under IFRS 9","es":""},"value":400000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"b","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Interest expense for the year","es":""},"value":28000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"c","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Payment made at year-end","es":""},"value":20000,"unit":"EUR"}],"result":408000,"unit":"EUR"}],"rationale":{"fr":"","en":"Approach: the loan liability starts from its initial IFRS 9 value, increased by interest at the effective rate and reduced by payments.","es":""},"references":["REF.IAS20.10A"]}},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"QST.IAS20.000018","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.INTERACTIONS.IFRS9_LOANS"],"dimension":"APPLICATION","context":"V1_QST.IAS20.000018","tested_point":"QST.IAS20.000018","difficulty":"EXPERT","source":"V1","format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","estimated_time_s":120,"lesson_id":null,"review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000012","section_id":"rule-ifrs9"},"references":["IAS 20 §10A"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Ostrane receives EUR 1,000,000 from a public fund, repayable in five years, with annual interest of 1%. Case assumption: a comparable loan would carry a market rate of 5%. Measured under IFRS 9 at initial recognition, the loan is worth EUR 826,821. Which initial accounting is consistent with IFRS 9 and IAS 20?","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Case fact: loan value under IFRS 9 of 826,821 for proceeds of 1,000,000. The benefit is the difference, 1,000,000 − 826,821 = 173,179, treated as a grant (IAS 20, para. 10A); the liability is recorded at 826,821. Effect: assets up by 1,000,000, financial liability of 826,821 and grant of 173,179. Trap: recording the loan at the amount received or counting the benefit twice. Point to note: the market rate is a case assumption, measurement falls under IFRS 9. Rule to remember: The loan's initial IFRS 9 value plus the benefit treated as a grant equals the proceeds received.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Recording the loan at the amount received and then adding a benefit that double counts the amount.","es":""},"format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"Loan recorded at EUR 1,000,000, the interest rate of 1% being the one set by the contract.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Recording the loan at the amount received ignores the initial IFRS 9 measurement and makes the benefit of 173,179 disappear (IAS 20, para. 10A). The loan is measured under IFRS 9 at initial recognition and the difference from the proceeds received is treated as a grant (IAS 20, para. 10A). Rule to remember: The loan's initial IFRS 9 value plus the benefit treated as a grant equals the proceeds received.","es":""}},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"Loan recorded at EUR 826,821 under IFRS 9, with the benefit of EUR 173,179 treated as a grant.","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"Loan recorded at EUR 826,821, with the EUR 173,179 difference taken directly to equity.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The loan value is right, but the difference is not a contribution to equity: it is treated as a grant (IAS 20, para. 10A). The loan is measured under IFRS 9 at initial recognition and the difference from the proceeds received is treated as a grant (IAS 20, para. 10A). Rule to remember: The loan's initial IFRS 9 value plus the benefit treated as a grant equals the proceeds received.","es":""}},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"Loan recorded at EUR 1,000,000, with a benefit of EUR 173,179 recognised in addition as deferred income.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"This entry counts the benefit twice: the loan would be at 1,000,000 and deferred income would be added on top of the proceeds received, which unbalances the transaction (IAS 20, para. 10A). The loan is measured under IFRS 9 at initial recognition and the difference from the proceeds received is treated as a grant (IAS 20, para. 10A). Rule to remember: The loan's initial IFRS 9 value plus the benefit treated as a grant equals the proceeds received.","es":""}}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"QST.IAS20.000019","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.INCOME_APPROACH.PRINCIPLE"],"dimension":"RULE_KNOWLEDGE","context":"V1_QST.IAS20.000019","tested_point":"QST.IAS20.000019","difficulty":"BEGINNER","source":"V1","format":"TRUE_FALSE","estimated_time_s":40,"lesson_id":null,"review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000004","section_id":"rule-principle"},"references":["IAS 20 §12"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Under the income approach adopted by IAS 20, a grant is taken to profit or loss over the periods in which the entity recognises the costs that the grant is intended to compensate.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"The income approach takes the grant to profit or loss over the periods of the costs compensated, rather than leaving it outside profit or loss (IAS 20, para. 12). Approach: link the grant to the costs it finances. Trap: confusing the period of receipt with the period of matching. Rule to remember: A grant is taken to profit or loss over the periods of the costs it compensates.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Linking the grant to the period of receipt rather than to the period of the costs compensated.","es":""},"format":"TRUE_FALSE","answer":true},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"QST.IAS20.000020","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.INCOME_APPROACH.PRINCIPLE"],"dimension":"APPLICATION","context":"V1_QST.IAS20.000020","tested_point":"QST.IAS20.000020","difficulty":"ADVANCED","source":"V1","format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","estimated_time_s":120,"lesson_id":null,"review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000004","section_id":"rule-principle"},"references":["IAS 20 §12"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Pélissier receives EUR 120,000 from a region to fund a three-year research programme whose costs are incurred in equal amounts each year (case convention). Which treatment is consistent with the income approach?","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"The grant finances research costs spread equally over three years (case fact): it is taken to profit or loss over those three years, 120,000 ÷ 3 = 40,000 a year (IAS 20, para. 12). Approach: identify the costs compensated, then their timing. Trap: recognising everything on receipt or at the end of the programme. Rule to remember: The grant follows the timing of the costs it compensates, not the receipt nor the end of the programme.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Recognising the grant on receipt without following the costs compensated.","es":""},"format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"Take the EUR 120,000 directly to equity on receipt.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"A direct credit to equity is ruled out by the income approach, which links the grant to the costs compensated (IAS 20, para. 12). The income approach takes the grant to profit or loss over the periods in which the costs compensated are recognised (IAS 20, para. 12). Rule to remember: The grant follows the timing of the costs it compensates, not the receipt nor the end of the programme.","es":""}},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"Recognise the EUR 120,000 as income in the first year.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Recognising everything in the first year ignores the fact that the costs compensated are spread over three years (IAS 20, para. 12). The income approach takes the grant to profit or loss over the periods in which the costs compensated are recognised (IAS 20, para. 12). Rule to remember: The grant follows the timing of the costs it compensates, not the receipt nor the end of the programme.","es":""}},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"Take EUR 40,000 a year to profit or loss, in line with the research costs.","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"Wait until the end of the research programme to take the whole grant to profit or loss.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Deferring until the end of the programme does not follow the periods of the costs: the grant is matched as the costs are recognised (IAS 20, para. 12). The income approach takes the grant to profit or loss over the periods in which the costs compensated are recognised (IAS 20, para. 12). Rule to remember: The grant follows the timing of the costs it compensates, not the receipt nor the end of the programme.","es":""}}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"QST.IAS20.000021","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.INCOME_APPROACH.SYSTEMATIC_BASIS"],"dimension":"CALCULATION","context":"V1_QST.IAS20.000021","tested_point":"QST.IAS20.000021","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","source":"V1","format":"NUMERICAL","estimated_time_s":180,"lesson_id":null,"review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000004","section_id":"rule-principle"},"references":["IAS 20 §12"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Rochat receives {grant_amount} to fund a training programme whose total expected costs are {total_costs}. During the year it recognises {period_costs} of these costs. Case convention: the systematic basis adopted is the proportion of compensated costs recognised. Calculate the grant recognised in profit or loss for the year.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Approach: the grant is recognised on a systematic basis over the periods of the costs compensated (IAS 20, para. 12); the basis used here is the proportion of costs, a case input and not one imposed by the standard. Share = 180,000 × 250,000 ÷ 600,000 = 75,000. Trap: taking the full 180,000 to profit or loss in the year. Rule to remember: A grant is recognised on a systematic basis over the periods of the costs compensated; the allocation key comes from the case.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Recognising the whole grant in the first year without following the costs.","es":""},"format":"CALCULATION","placeholders":[{"id":"grant_amount","value":"180000","unit":"EUR"},{"id":"period_costs","value":"250000","unit":"EUR"},{"id":"total_costs","value":"600000","unit":"EUR"}],"data":[{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Grant received","es":""},"value":"180000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Compensated costs recognised in the year","es":""},"value":"250000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Total expected compensated costs","es":""},"value":"600000","unit":"EUR"}],"steps":[{"id":"GRANT_INCOME","label":{"fr":"","en":"Grant recognised in profit or loss for the year","es":""},"answer":75000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"}],"formula":{"lines":[{"step":"GRANT_INCOME","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Grant recognised in profit or loss for the year","es":""},"expression":"a * b / c","variables":[{"symbol":"a","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Grant received","es":""},"value":180000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"b","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Compensated costs recognised in the year","es":""},"value":250000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"c","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Total expected compensated costs","es":""},"value":600000,"unit":"EUR"}],"result":75000,"unit":"EUR"}],"rationale":{"fr":"","en":"A grant is recognised on a systematic basis over the periods of the costs compensated; the allocation key comes from the case.","es":""},"references":["REF.IAS20.12"]}},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"QST.IAS20.000023","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.INCOME_APPROACH.SYSTEMATIC_BASIS"],"dimension":"APPLICATION","context":"V1_QST.IAS20.000023","tested_point":"QST.IAS20.000023","difficulty":"EXPERT","source":"V1","format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","estimated_time_s":120,"lesson_id":null,"review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000004","section_id":"rule-principle"},"references":["IAS 20 §12"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Lavandier receives EUR 300,000 to cover launch costs that will be recognised as 50% in the first year, 30% in the second and 20% in the third (case fact). Which allocation to profit or loss is consistent with recognition on a systematic basis over the periods of the costs compensated?","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Case fact: costs of 50%, 30% then 20%. The grant follows this profile: 300,000 × 50% = 150,000, 300,000 × 30% = 90,000 and 300,000 × 20% = 60,000 (IAS 20, para. 12). The standard calls for a systematic basis linked to the costs, not a straight-line split by default. Professional judgement: the key chosen must reflect the costs actually compensated. Trap: spreading evenly out of habit. Rule to remember: The systematic basis for a grant is that of the costs compensated, which is not always straight-line.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Spreading the grant on a straight-line basis although the compensated costs are uneven.","es":""},"format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"EUR 150,000, 90,000 and 60,000 over the three years, in line with the costs.","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"EUR 100,000 a year, on a straight-line basis over three years.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"A straight-line split does not follow the cost profile in the case, which is uneven; the basis must reflect the periods in which the costs are recognised (IAS 20, para. 12). The grant is recognised in profit or loss on a systematic basis over the periods in which the costs compensated are recognised (IAS 20, para. 12). Rule to remember: The systematic basis for a grant is that of the costs compensated, which is not always straight-line.","es":""}},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"EUR 300,000 in the first year, because the grant is earned on receipt.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Recognising everything in the first year ignores the periods of the costs compensated, which spread over three years (IAS 20, para. 12). The grant is recognised in profit or loss on a systematic basis over the periods in which the costs compensated are recognised (IAS 20, para. 12). Rule to remember: The systematic basis for a grant is that of the costs compensated, which is not always straight-line.","es":""}},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"EUR 200,000, 100,000 and 0, according to the expected receipt schedule.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The receipt schedule is not the criterion: the pattern of the costs compensated underpins the allocation (IAS 20, para. 12). The grant is recognised in profit or loss on a systematic basis over the periods in which the costs compensated are recognised (IAS 20, para. 12). Rule to remember: The systematic basis for a grant is that of the costs compensated, which is not always straight-line.","es":""}}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"QST.IAS20.000024","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.INCOME_APPROACH.MATCHING"],"dimension":"ANALYSIS","context":"V1_QST.IAS20.000024","tested_point":"QST.IAS20.000024","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","source":"V1","format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","estimated_time_s":90,"lesson_id":null,"review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000004","section_id":"rule-principle"},"references":["IAS 20 §12"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Four statements concern the matching of an income grant with the costs it compensates. Which one is wrong?","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Matching follows the periods in which the costs compensated are expensed (IAS 20, para. 12), not the date of receipt. The statement about year 1 is therefore wrong: with costs spread over three years, the grant is spread over those three years. Approach: test each statement against the period of the costs. Trap: tying income to receipt. Rule to remember: Matching a grant follows the periods of the costs compensated, not receipt.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Making the matching period depend on the date of receipt.","es":""},"format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"The grant is taken to profit or loss over the periods in which the entity expenses the costs compensated.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"This statement is accurate: matching follows the periods in which the costs are expensed (IAS 20, para. 12). The grant is recognised in profit or loss on a systematic basis over the periods in which the entity expenses the costs it is intended to compensate (IAS 20, para. 12). Rule to remember: Matching a grant follows the periods of the costs compensated, not receipt.","es":""}},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"Matching follows the costs compensated and not the date the grant is received.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"This statement is accurate: the date of receipt is not the matching criterion (IAS 20, para. 12). The grant is recognised in profit or loss on a systematic basis over the periods in which the entity expenses the costs it is intended to compensate (IAS 20, para. 12). Rule to remember: Matching a grant follows the periods of the costs compensated, not receipt.","es":""}},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"An allocation in proportion to the costs incurred can be the systematic basis, depending on the case facts.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"This statement is accurate: the proportion of costs is a possible basis, given by the case facts (IAS 20, para. 12). The grant is recognised in profit or loss on a systematic basis over the periods in which the entity expenses the costs it is intended to compensate (IAS 20, para. 12). Rule to remember: Matching a grant follows the periods of the costs compensated, not receipt.","es":""}},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"A grant received at the start of year 1 for costs spread over three years is recognised in full as income in year 1.","es":""},"correct":true}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"QST.IAS20.000025","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.INCOME_APPROACH.MATCHING"],"dimension":"CALCULATION","context":"V1_QST.IAS20.000025","tested_point":"QST.IAS20.000025","difficulty":"ADVANCED","source":"V1","format":"NUMERICAL","estimated_time_s":180,"lesson_id":null,"review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000004","section_id":"rule-principle"},"references":["IAS 20 §12"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Tessier receives {grant_amount} to compensate staff costs expected to total {total_costs}. It recognises {costs_year1} of these costs in year 1 and {costs_year2} in year 2. Case convention: the grant is matched in proportion to the compensated costs recognised. Calculate the grant matched to each year.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Approach: the grant follows the periods in which the costs compensated are recognised (IAS 20, para. 12); the proportional key is given by the case. Year 1: 360,000 × 300,000 ÷ 1,200,000 = 90,000. Year 2: 360,000 × 450,000 ÷ 1,200,000 = 135,000. Trap: splitting equally without regard to the cost profile. Rule to remember: The grant matched to a period is the grant multiplied by the share of compensated costs recognised in that period, on the case's key.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Splitting the grant equally across the years without following the cost timing.","es":""},"format":"CALCULATION","placeholders":[{"id":"grant_amount","value":"360000","unit":"EUR"},{"id":"total_costs","value":"1200000","unit":"EUR"},{"id":"costs_year1","value":"300000","unit":"EUR"},{"id":"costs_year2","value":"450000","unit":"EUR"}],"data":[{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Grant received","es":""},"value":"360000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Expected compensated staff costs","es":""},"value":"1200000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Costs recognised in year 1","es":""},"value":"300000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Costs recognised in year 2","es":""},"value":"450000","unit":"EUR"}],"steps":[{"id":"INCOME_YEAR1","label":{"fr":"","en":"Grant matched to year 1","es":""},"answer":90000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"},{"id":"INCOME_YEAR2","label":{"fr":"","en":"Grant matched to year 2","es":""},"answer":135000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"}],"formula":{"lines":[{"step":"INCOME_YEAR1","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Grant matched to year 1","es":""},"expression":"a * b / c","variables":[{"symbol":"a","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Grant received","es":""},"value":360000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"b","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Costs recognised in year 1","es":""},"value":300000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"c","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Expected compensated staff costs","es":""},"value":1200000,"unit":"EUR"}],"result":90000,"unit":"EUR"},{"step":"INCOME_YEAR2","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Grant matched to year 2","es":""},"expression":"a * b / c","variables":[{"symbol":"a","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Grant received","es":""},"value":360000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"b","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Costs recognised in year 2","es":""},"value":450000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"c","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Expected compensated staff costs","es":""},"value":1200000,"unit":"EUR"}],"result":135000,"unit":"EUR"}],"rationale":{"fr":"","en":"The grant matched to a period is the grant multiplied by the share of compensated costs recognised in that period, on the case's key.","es":""},"references":["REF.IAS20.12"]}},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"QST.IAS20.000027","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.INCOME_APPROACH.NO_EQUITY_CREDIT"],"dimension":"RULE_KNOWLEDGE","context":"V1_QST.IAS20.000027","tested_point":"QST.IAS20.000027","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","source":"V1","format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","estimated_time_s":60,"lesson_id":null,"review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000004","section_id":"rule-equity"},"references":["IAS 20 §12"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"An entity receives from a ministry a grant that compensates training costs incurred over several years. Which treatment is consistent with IAS 20?","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"IAS 20 adopts the income approach: the grant is not credited directly to equity, it is taken to profit or loss on a systematic basis over the periods in which the entity recognises the costs it compensates (IAS 20, para. 12). Approach: identify the costs compensated, then the periods in which they are recognised. Trap: seeing the grant as a contribution comparable to a capital contribution. Rule to remember: a grant is not credited to equity; it is taken to profit or loss over the periods of the costs compensated.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Crediting a grant to equity like a capital contribution.","es":""},"format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"Credit it directly to equity on the date of receipt.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"A direct credit to equity is ruled out: a grant is not a contribution from shareholders, it is taken to profit or loss over the periods of the costs compensated (IAS 20, para. 12). Rule to remember: a grant is not credited to equity.","es":""}},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"Recognise it in profit or loss, on a systematic basis, over the periods in which the training costs are recognised.","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"Recognise it as income only at the end of the programme, once all the training costs have been paid.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Waiting for the end of the programme concentrates the income in a single period: the standard matches the grant, as the periods go by, to those in which the costs compensated are recognised (IAS 20, para. 12). Rule to remember: the matching follows the periods of the costs.","es":""}},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"Recognise all of it in profit or loss as soon as it is received, whatever the period of the training costs.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Recognising all of it on receipt ignores the matching to the periods of the costs compensated, whereas the training costs are spread over several years (IAS 20, para. 12). Rule to remember: the income follows the costs compensated.","es":""}}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"QST.IAS20.000028","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.INCOME_APPROACH.DEPRECIABLE_ASSETS","IAS20.ASSET_GRANTS.DEFERRED_INCOME"],"dimension":"CALCULATION","context":"V1_VG.IAS20.000002","tested_point":"VG.IAS20.000002","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","source":"V1","format":"NUMERICAL","estimated_time_s":180,"lesson_id":null,"review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000004","section_id":"rule-depreciable"},"references":["IAS 20 §26"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Dumont has received {grant_amount} to acquire a depreciable machine. It presents the grant as deferred income. The machine's useful life is {useful_life} years and depreciation is straight-line (case convention). Calculate the annual release of the grant, then the deferred income remaining at the end of year 1.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Approach: the grant for a depreciable asset is released on a systematic basis over its useful life (IAS 20, para. 26), that is, in line with depreciation; with straight-line depreciation (case convention), annual release = 240,000 ÷ 8 = 30,000, and deferred income at the end of year 1 = 240,000 − 30,000 = 210,000. Trap: releasing the whole grant in the first year. Rule to remember: A grant for a depreciable asset is released to profit or loss over the asset's useful life, in line with its depreciation.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Releasing the grant at once instead of spreading it over the useful life.","es":""},"format":"CALCULATION","placeholders":[{"id":"grant_amount","value":"240000","unit":"EUR"},{"id":"useful_life","value":"8","unit":"YEARS"}],"data":[{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Grant received for the machine","es":""},"value":"240000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Useful life of the machine","es":""},"value":"8","unit":"YEARS"}],"steps":[{"id":"ANNUAL_RELEASE","label":{"fr":"","en":"Annual release of the grant","es":""},"answer":30000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"},{"id":"BALANCE_END_YEAR1","label":{"fr":"","en":"Deferred income at the end of year 1","es":""},"answer":210000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"}],"formula":{"lines":[{"step":"ANNUAL_RELEASE","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Annual release of the grant","es":""},"expression":"a / b","variables":[{"symbol":"a","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Grant received for the machine","es":""},"value":240000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"b","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Useful life of the machine","es":""},"value":8,"unit":"YEARS"}],"result":30000,"unit":"EUR"},{"step":"BALANCE_END_YEAR1","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Deferred income at the end of year 1","es":""},"expression":"a - b","variables":[{"symbol":"a","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Grant received for the machine","es":""},"value":240000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"b","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Annual release of the grant","es":""},"value":30000,"unit":"EUR"}],"result":210000,"unit":"EUR"}],"rationale":{"fr":"","en":"A grant for a depreciable asset is released to profit or loss over the asset's useful life, in line with its depreciation.","es":""},"references":["REF.IAS20.26"]}},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"QST.IAS20.000030","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.INCOME_APPROACH.DEPRECIABLE_ASSETS","IAS20.ASSET_GRANTS.DEFERRED_INCOME"],"dimension":"CALCULATION","context":"V1_VG.IAS20.000002","tested_point":"VG.IAS20.000002","difficulty":"ADVANCED","source":"V1","format":"NUMERICAL","estimated_time_s":180,"lesson_id":null,"review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000004","section_id":"rule-depreciable"},"references":["IAS 20 §26"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"A grant of {grant_amount} finances the purchase of a packaging line by Mercier, which presents it as deferred income. The line has a useful life of {useful_life} years, depreciated on a straight-line basis (case convention), and has been in use for {years_elapsed} years. Calculate the annual release of the grant and the deferred income still to be released.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Approach: the grant is released over the asset's useful life (IAS 20, para. 26); with straight-line depreciation (case convention), annual release = 150,000 ÷ 6 = 25,000. After 2 years, 50,000 has been released and the remaining deferred income is 150,000 − 50,000 = 100,000. Trap: forgetting to deduct the releases already made. Rule to remember: The deferred income remaining is the grant less the annual releases already recognised over the useful life.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Using the initial grant as the balance remaining after two years.","es":""},"format":"CALCULATION","placeholders":[{"id":"grant_amount","value":"150000","unit":"EUR"},{"id":"useful_life","value":"6","unit":"YEARS"},{"id":"years_elapsed","value":"2","unit":"YEARS"}],"data":[{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Grant received for the packaging line","es":""},"value":"150000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Useful life of the line","es":""},"value":"6","unit":"YEARS"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Years of use elapsed","es":""},"value":"2","unit":"YEARS"}],"steps":[{"id":"ANNUAL_RELEASE","label":{"fr":"","en":"Annual release of the grant","es":""},"answer":25000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"},{"id":"BALANCE_AFTER_PERIOD","label":{"fr":"","en":"Deferred income remaining after the elapsed period","es":""},"answer":100000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"}],"formula":{"lines":[{"step":"ANNUAL_RELEASE","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Annual release of the grant","es":""},"expression":"a / b","variables":[{"symbol":"a","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Grant received for the packaging line","es":""},"value":150000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"b","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Useful life of the line","es":""},"value":6,"unit":"YEARS"}],"result":25000,"unit":"EUR"}],"rationale":{"fr":"","en":"The deferred income remaining is the grant less the annual releases already recognised over the useful life.","es":""},"references":["REF.IAS20.26"]}},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"QST.IAS20.000031","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.INCOME_APPROACH.COMPENSATION_INCURRED"],"dimension":"RULE_KNOWLEDGE","context":"V1_QST.IAS20.000031","tested_point":"QST.IAS20.000031","difficulty":"BEGINNER","source":"V1","format":"TRUE_FALSE","estimated_time_s":40,"lesson_id":null,"review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000004","section_id":"rule-incurred"},"references":["IAS 20 §20"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"A grant awarded to compensate expenses already incurred must be spread over future periods.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"When the grant compensates expenses or losses already incurred, or gives support with no future costs, there are no costs left to match: it is recognised in profit or loss of the period in which it becomes receivable (IAS 20, para. 20). Approach: check whether future costs remain to be compensated. Trap: spreading out of reflex a grant that finances no future cost. Rule to remember: A grant that compensates expenses already incurred is recognised in profit or loss of the period in which it becomes receivable.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Spreading a grant over the future when the expenses compensated are already recognised.","es":""},"format":"TRUE_FALSE","answer":false},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"QST.IAS20.000032","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.INCOME_APPROACH.COMPENSATION_INCURRED"],"dimension":"APPLICATION","context":"V1_QST.IAS20.000032","tested_point":"QST.IAS20.000032","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","source":"V1","format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","estimated_time_s":120,"lesson_id":null,"review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000004","section_id":"rule-incurred"},"references":["IAS 20 §20"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Following a flood in December of year 1, Verdier recognised EUR 90,000 of restoration costs as expenses of year 1. In March of year 2, a public authority notifies it of EUR 60,000 of aid for these costs; the conditions are met and the aid is receivable on notification. In which period is the aid recognised in profit or loss?","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"The restoration costs were already recognised in year 1, and the aid becomes receivable in year 2 (case facts): it compensates expenses already incurred and is therefore recognised in profit or loss of year 2, EUR 60,000 of income (IAS 20, para. 20). Approach: pinpoint the date it becomes receivable and look for any future costs. Trap: linking the aid to the year of the costs. Rule to remember: Aid that compensates past expenses is recognised in the period in which it becomes receivable.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Linking the aid to the period of the costs compensated rather than to the period it becomes receivable.","es":""},"format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"In year 1, by changing the year 1 accounts already prepared.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The aid becomes receivable only in year 2: it does not act retrospectively on the year 1 accounts (IAS 20, para. 20). A grant that compensates expenses already incurred is recognised in profit or loss of the period in which it becomes receivable (IAS 20, para. 20). Rule to remember: Aid that compensates past expenses is recognised in the period in which it becomes receivable.","es":""}},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"In year 1, because the costs compensated were incurred that year.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The date of the costs does not set the period: for aid that compensates expenses already incurred, the date it becomes receivable is what counts (IAS 20, para. 20). A grant that compensates expenses already incurred is recognised in profit or loss of the period in which it becomes receivable (IAS 20, para. 20). Rule to remember: Aid that compensates past expenses is recognised in the period in which it becomes receivable.","es":""}},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"In year 2, the period in which the aid becomes receivable.","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"Spread over years 2 to 4 by default, for lack of identified future costs.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"With no future costs to compensate, there is nothing to spread: the aid is recognised in one go when it becomes receivable (IAS 20, para. 20). A grant that compensates expenses already incurred is recognised in profit or loss of the period in which it becomes receivable (IAS 20, para. 20). Rule to remember: Aid that compensates past expenses is recognised in the period in which it becomes receivable.","es":""}}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"QST.IAS20.000034","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.INCOME_APPROACH.SPECIFIC_COSTS"],"dimension":"CALCULATION","context":"V1_QST.IAS20.000034","tested_point":"QST.IAS20.000034","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","source":"V1","format":"NUMERICAL","estimated_time_s":180,"lesson_id":null,"review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000004","section_id":"rule-specific"},"references":["IAS 20 §12"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Pascal receives {grant_amount} to compensate certification costs specifically named in the agreement, expected to total {total_eligible_costs}. During the year it recognises {eligible_costs_period} of these costs, as well as {other_costs_period} of other expenses not covered by the agreement. Case convention: allocation in proportion to the named costs. Calculate the grant recognised in profit or loss for the year.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Approach: the grant is matched to the specific costs it compensates (IAS 20, para. 12); the year's other expenses do not enter the key. Grant for the year = 90,000 × 135,000 ÷ 450,000 = 27,000. Trap: including the 65,000 of other expenses in the key, which would give a wrong amount. Rule to remember: The specific costs covered by the grant enter the matching key; other expenses are left out.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Including in the allocation key expenses that the grant does not cover.","es":""},"format":"CALCULATION","placeholders":[{"id":"grant_amount","value":"90000","unit":"EUR"},{"id":"total_eligible_costs","value":"450000","unit":"EUR"},{"id":"eligible_costs_period","value":"135000","unit":"EUR"},{"id":"other_costs_period","value":"65000","unit":"EUR"}],"data":[{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Grant awarded","es":""},"value":"90000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Total expected eligible costs","es":""},"value":"450000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Eligible costs for the year","es":""},"value":"135000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Other costs for the year, not covered by the grant","es":""},"value":"65000","unit":"EUR"}],"steps":[{"id":"GRANT_INCOME","label":{"fr":"","en":"Grant recognised in profit or loss for the year","es":""},"answer":27000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"}],"formula":{"lines":[{"step":"GRANT_INCOME","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Grant recognised in profit or loss for the year","es":""},"expression":"a * b / c","variables":[{"symbol":"a","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Grant awarded","es":""},"value":90000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"b","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Eligible costs for the year","es":""},"value":135000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"c","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Total expected eligible costs","es":""},"value":450000,"unit":"EUR"}],"result":27000,"unit":"EUR"}],"rationale":{"fr":"","en":"The specific costs covered by the grant enter the matching key; other expenses are left out.","es":""},"references":["REF.IAS20.12"]}},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"QST.IAS20.000036","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.NONMONETARY.FAIR_VALUE_OR_NOMINAL"],"dimension":"RULE_KNOWLEDGE","context":"V1_QST.IAS20.000036","tested_point":"QST.IAS20.000036","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","source":"V1","format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","estimated_time_s":60,"lesson_id":null,"review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000005","section_id":"rule-fv"},"references":["IAS 20 §23"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"A municipality transfers a plot of land to an entity free of charge, which is a non-monetary grant. At what amount does IAS 20 allow the land and the grant to be recognised?","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"For a non-monetary grant, the standard provides for recognising the asset and the grant at fair value, or at a nominal amount for both (IAS 20, para. 23). The choice between the two amounts is a separate matter from the balancing rule: the asset and the grant are measured together. Approach: use a single amount for the asset and the grant. Trap: recording only one of them. Rule to remember: An asset received as a grant and the grant itself are recognised at the same amount: fair value or a nominal amount.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Recording the land received without recognising the matching grant.","es":""},"format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"At the fair value of the land for both, or at a nominal amount for both.","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"At fair value for the land and at zero for the grant.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Recognising the asset without the grant unbalances the transaction: the asset and the grant are measured together at the same amount (IAS 20, para. 23). A non-monetary grant leads to recognition of the asset and the grant at fair value, or at a nominal amount for both (IAS 20, para. 23). Rule to remember: An asset received as a grant and the grant itself are recognised at the same amount: fair value or a nominal amount.","es":""}},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"At the historical cost incurred by the municipality, with the grant not recognised.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The municipality's cost is not the basis: the standard uses fair value, or a nominal amount, for the asset and the grant alike (IAS 20, para. 23). A non-monetary grant leads to recognition of the asset and the grant at fair value, or at a nominal amount for both (IAS 20, para. 23). Rule to remember: An asset received as a grant and the grant itself are recognised at the same amount: fair value or a nominal amount.","es":""}},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"At fair value for the grant, with the land left off the balance sheet.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The land received is an asset of the entity: it is recognised together with the grant, not left off the balance sheet (IAS 20, para. 23). A non-monetary grant leads to recognition of the asset and the grant at fair value, or at a nominal amount for both (IAS 20, para. 23). Rule to remember: An asset received as a grant and the grant itself are recognised at the same amount: fair value or a nominal amount.","es":""}}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"QST.IAS20.000037","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.NONMONETARY.FAIR_VALUE_OR_NOMINAL"],"dimension":"CALCULATION","context":"V1_QST.IAS20.000037","tested_point":"QST.IAS20.000037","difficulty":"ADVANCED","source":"V1","format":"NUMERICAL","estimated_time_s":180,"lesson_id":null,"review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000005","section_id":"rule-fv"},"references":["IAS 20 §23"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"A public body transfers to Lacombe an item of equipment whose fair value, a case input, is {fair_value}, for a price of {consideration_paid}. Case convention: the entity recognises the equipment at fair value and the difference from the price paid is the non-monetary grant. Calculate the amount of the grant.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Approach: a non-monetary grant is recognised together with the asset at fair value (IAS 20, para. 23); the fair value is a case input. Grant = 300,000 − 120,000 = 180,000. Trap: using the price paid as the value of the equipment, which would make the grant disappear. Rule to remember: The non-monetary grant is the gap between the asset's fair value, a case input, and the price paid.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Measuring the equipment at the price paid and recognising no grant.","es":""},"format":"CALCULATION","placeholders":[{"id":"fair_value","value":"300000","unit":"EUR"},{"id":"consideration_paid","value":"120000","unit":"EUR"}],"data":[{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Fair value of the equipment (case input)","es":""},"value":"300000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Price paid by the entity","es":""},"value":"120000","unit":"EUR"}],"steps":[{"id":"GRANT_VALUE","label":{"fr":"","en":"Amount of the non-monetary grant","es":""},"answer":180000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"}],"formula":{"lines":[{"step":"GRANT_VALUE","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Amount of the non-monetary grant","es":""},"expression":"a - b","variables":[{"symbol":"a","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Fair value of the equipment (case input)","es":""},"value":300000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"b","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Price paid by the entity","es":""},"value":120000,"unit":"EUR"}],"result":180000,"unit":"EUR"}],"rationale":{"fr":"","en":"The non-monetary grant is the gap between the asset's fair value, a case input, and the price paid.","es":""},"references":["REF.IAS20.23"]}},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"QST.IAS20.000039","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.ASSET_GRANTS.PRESENTATION_CHOICE"],"dimension":"RULE_KNOWLEDGE","context":"V1_QST.IAS20.000039","tested_point":"QST.IAS20.000039","difficulty":"BEGINNER","source":"V1","format":"TRUE_FALSE","estimated_time_s":40,"lesson_id":null,"review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000006","section_id":"rule-choice"},"references":["IAS 20 §24"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"IAS 20 allows a grant related to assets to be presented in the statement of financial position either as deferred income or as a deduction from the asset's carrying amount.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"For a grant related to assets, the standard offers two presentations in the statement of financial position: deferred income or deduction from the asset's carrying amount (IAS 20, para. 24). It is a permitted choice of method, applied according to the entity's policy. Approach: spot the two options provided. Trap: believing that only one presentation is allowed. Rule to remember: A grant related to assets is presented in the statement of financial position as deferred income or as a deduction from the asset's carrying amount.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Thinking that only one presentation of an asset grant is allowed.","es":""},"format":"TRUE_FALSE","answer":true},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"QST.IAS20.000040","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.ASSET_GRANTS.PRESENTATION_CHOICE","IAS20.ASSET_GRANTS.DEFERRED_INCOME","IAS20.ASSET_GRANTS.DEDUCTION_FROM_CARRYING_AMOUNT"],"dimension":"CALCULATION","context":"V1_QST.IAS20.000040","tested_point":"QST.IAS20.000040","difficulty":"ADVANCED","source":"V1","format":"NUMERICAL","estimated_time_s":180,"lesson_id":null,"review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000006","section_id":"rule-choice"},"references":["IAS 20 §24","IAS 20 §26","IAS 20 §27"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Cadet acquires equipment costing {asset_cost} and receives a grant of {grant_amount}. Useful life: {useful_life} years, straight-line depreciation with no residual value (case conventions). Calculate the net charge in profit or loss for the year if the grant is presented as deferred income (depreciation on gross cost less release), then the depreciation charge if it is deducted from the carrying amount, and the difference in profit or loss between the two methods.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Approach: deferred income (IAS 20, paras. 24 and 26): depreciation 500,000 ÷ 5 = 100,000, release 100,000 ÷ 5 = 20,000, net charge 80,000. Deduction (IAS 20, para. 27): net cost 400,000, depreciation 400,000 ÷ 5 = 80,000. The difference in profit or loss is nil: the statement of financial position and the presentation differ. Trap: concluding that the choice of method changes net profit in this case. Rule to remember: In the simple case, the two presentations of an asset grant give the same net result; the line items of the statement of financial position and profit or loss differ.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Believing that the presentation method changes the year's net profit.","es":""},"format":"CALCULATION","placeholders":[{"id":"asset_cost","value":"500000","unit":"EUR"},{"id":"grant_amount","value":"100000","unit":"EUR"},{"id":"useful_life","value":"5","unit":"YEARS"}],"data":[{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Cost of the equipment","es":""},"value":"500000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Grant received","es":""},"value":"100000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Useful life","es":""},"value":"5","unit":"YEARS"}],"steps":[{"id":"NET_CHARGE_DEFERRED","label":{"fr":"","en":"Net charge in profit or loss with deferred income","es":""},"answer":80000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"},{"id":"DEPRECIATION_DEDUCTION","label":{"fr":"","en":"Depreciation with the deduction method","es":""},"answer":80000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"},{"id":"DIFFERENCE","label":{"fr":"","en":"Difference in profit or loss between the two methods","es":""},"answer":0,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"QST.IAS20.000041","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.ASSET_GRANTS.PRESENTATION_CHOICE","IAS20.ASSET_GRANTS.DEFERRED_INCOME","IAS20.ASSET_GRANTS.DEDUCTION_FROM_CARRYING_AMOUNT"],"dimension":"APPLICATION","context":"V1_QST.IAS20.000041","tested_point":"QST.IAS20.000041","difficulty":"EXPERT","source":"V1","format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","estimated_time_s":120,"lesson_id":null,"review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000006","section_id":"rule-choice"},"references":["IAS 20 §24","IAS 20 §26","IAS 20 §27"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Giraud acquires a plant for EUR 800,000, depreciable over 10 years (straight-line, no residual value), and receives a grant of EUR 200,000. It hesitates between deferred income and deduction from the carrying amount. Which statement correctly describes the effect of the deferred income method, compared with deduction, on the first year?","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Deferred income (IAS 20, paras. 24 and 26): depreciation 800,000 ÷ 10 = 80,000 and release 200,000 ÷ 10 = 20,000, that is 60,000 net. Deduction (IAS 20, para. 27): net cost 600,000 and depreciation 60,000. Net profit is identical, but the line items differ: the asset is at gross cost with a deferred income liability in one case, and at net cost in the other. Professional judgement: the choice, which the standard allows, is part of the entity's policy. Trap: believing that the choice changes net profit. Rule to remember: Deferred income or deduction: same net result in the simple case, but gross depreciation and release on one side, net depreciation on the other.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Mixing up gross and net depreciation, or believing that the presentation method changes net profit.","es":""},"format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"Net profit for the first year is EUR 20,000 lower with deferred income.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Both methods reach the same net profit: the release of 20,000 offsets the difference in depreciation (IAS 20, paras. 24, 26 and 27). Deferred income depreciates the asset on its gross cost and releases the grant to profit or loss; deduction depreciates the net cost: net profit is the same in the simple case (IAS 20, paras. 24, 26 and 27). Rule to remember: Deferred income or deduction: same net result in the simple case, but gross depreciation and release on one side, net depreciation on the other.","es":""}},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"Total assets in the statement of financial position are the same, whichever presentation method the entity chooses.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The statements of financial position differ: deferred income leaves the asset at gross cost and adds a liability, whereas deduction reduces the asset directly (IAS 20, paras. 24, 26 and 27). Deferred income depreciates the asset on its gross cost and releases the grant to profit or loss; deduction depreciates the net cost: net profit is the same in the simple case (IAS 20, paras. 24, 26 and 27). Rule to remember: Deferred income or deduction: same net result in the simple case, but gross depreciation and release on one side, net depreciation on the other.","es":""}},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"Depreciation for the year is EUR 60,000 with deferred income, as it is with deduction.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"With deferred income, the asset is depreciated on its gross cost: the charge is 80,000; 60,000 is the charge with deduction (IAS 20, paras. 24, 26 and 27). Deferred income depreciates the asset on its gross cost and releases the grant to profit or loss; deduction depreciates the net cost: net profit is the same in the simple case (IAS 20, paras. 24, 26 and 27). Rule to remember: Deferred income or deduction: same net result in the simple case, but gross depreciation and release on one side, net depreciation on the other.","es":""}},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"Same net profit; depreciation of EUR 80,000 with deferred income against 60,000 with deduction.","es":""},"correct":true}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"QST.IAS20.000042","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.ASSET_GRANTS.CASH_FLOW_PRESENTATION"],"dimension":"RULE_KNOWLEDGE","context":"V1_QST.IAS20.000042","tested_point":"QST.IAS20.000042","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","source":"V1","format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","estimated_time_s":60,"lesson_id":null,"review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000006","section_id":"rule-cash-flow"},"references":["IAS 20 §28"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"An entity buys equipment and receives an asset grant to finance it. How do the purchase and the grant appear in the statement of cash flows?","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Buying an asset and receiving the related grant can generate large cash movements; they are presented separately, whether the grant is shown as deferred income or deducted from the carrying amount (IAS 20, para. 28). Approach: treat the statement of cash flows independently of the balance sheet presentation. Trap: netting the two flows because the balance sheet shows a net asset. Rule to remember: In the statement of cash flows, the purchase of the asset and the grant received are separate flows, whatever the balance sheet presentation.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Showing a single net flow when the grant is deducted from the asset's carrying amount.","es":""},"format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"As a single net flow, the grant being deducted from the acquisition payment.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"A net flow hides two separate movements; separate presentation applies even where the grant is deducted from the carrying amount (IAS 20, para. 28). The purchase of an asset and the receipt of the related grant are presented as separate flows, even where the grant is deducted from the asset's carrying amount (IAS 20, para. 28). Rule to remember: In the statement of cash flows, the purchase of the asset and the grant received are separate flows, whatever the balance sheet presentation.","es":""}},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"As two separate flows: the acquisition payment and the receipt of the grant, whatever the presentation in the statement of financial position.","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"The receipt in operating flows, without the acquisition appearing.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The acquisition of the asset is an actual payment that must appear; ignoring one of the two flows distorts the reading of the statement (IAS 20, para. 28). The purchase of an asset and the receipt of the related grant are presented as separate flows, even where the grant is deducted from the asset's carrying amount (IAS 20, para. 28). Rule to remember: In the statement of cash flows, the purchase of the asset and the grant received are separate flows, whatever the balance sheet presentation.","es":""}},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"An investing flow for the purchase, the grant being mentioned in the notes.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"A grant received in cash is an actual cash flow: it must appear in the statement, separate from the purchase (IAS 20, para. 28). The purchase of an asset and the receipt of the related grant are presented as separate flows, even where the grant is deducted from the asset's carrying amount (IAS 20, para. 28). Rule to remember: In the statement of cash flows, the purchase of the asset and the grant received are separate flows, whatever the balance sheet presentation.","es":""}}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"QST.IAS20.000043","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.ASSET_GRANTS.CASH_FLOW_PRESENTATION"],"dimension":"CALCULATION","context":"V1_QST.IAS20.000043","tested_point":"QST.IAS20.000043","difficulty":"ADVANCED","source":"V1","format":"NUMERICAL","estimated_time_s":180,"lesson_id":null,"review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000006","section_id":"rule-cash-flow"},"references":["IAS 20 §28"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Perrin presents its asset grants as deferred income. At the start of the year, deferred income is {opening_balance}. It receives {grants_received} of new grants for equipment bought during the year, and releases {releases} to profit or loss. Calculate closing deferred income and the amount of grant receipt to be presented as a flow separate from the purchase of the equipment.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Approach: closing deferred income = opening + grants received − releases = 120,000 + 90,000 − 30,000 = 180,000. The receipt of 90,000 is presented as a flow separate from the payment to acquire the equipment, with no netting (IAS 20, para. 28). Trap: presenting only the net change in deferred income as a flow. Rule to remember: Closing deferred income is computed by roll-forward, and grant receipts are presented separately from the purchase of assets.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Taking the net movement in deferred income as the grant receipt.","es":""},"format":"CALCULATION","placeholders":[{"id":"opening_balance","value":"120000","unit":"EUR"},{"id":"grants_received","value":"90000","unit":"EUR"},{"id":"releases","value":"30000","unit":"EUR"}],"data":[{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Opening deferred income","es":""},"value":"120000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Asset grants received in cash","es":""},"value":"90000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Releases for the year","es":""},"value":"30000","unit":"EUR"}],"steps":[{"id":"CLOSING_DEFERRED_INCOME","label":{"fr":"","en":"Closing deferred income","es":""},"answer":180000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"},{"id":"GRANT_CASH_INFLOW","label":{"fr":"","en":"Grant receipt presented as a separate flow","es":""},"answer":90000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"}],"formula":{"lines":[{"step":"CLOSING_DEFERRED_INCOME","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Closing deferred income","es":""},"expression":"a + b - c","variables":[{"symbol":"a","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Opening deferred income","es":""},"value":120000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"b","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Asset grants received in cash","es":""},"value":90000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"c","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Releases for the year","es":""},"value":30000,"unit":"EUR"}],"result":180000,"unit":"EUR"}],"rationale":{"fr":"","en":"Closing deferred income is computed by roll-forward, and grant receipts are presented separately from the purchase of assets.","es":""},"references":["REF.IAS20.28"]}},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"QST.IAS20.000044","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.ASSET_GRANTS.DEFERRED_INCOME"],"dimension":"RULE_KNOWLEDGE","context":"V1_QST.IAS20.000044","tested_point":"QST.IAS20.000044","difficulty":"BEGINNER","source":"V1","format":"TRUE_FALSE","estimated_time_s":40,"lesson_id":null,"review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000006","section_id":"rule-deferred"},"references":["IAS 20 §26"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Under the deferred income method, a grant related to a depreciable asset is taken to profit or loss in full in the year it is received.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Under deferred income, the grant is first recorded as a liability and then released to profit or loss on a systematic basis over the asset's useful life (IAS 20, para. 26). Approach: ask over what period the asset generates depreciation. Trap: recognising all the income on receipt, as for a grant covering past expenses. Rule to remember: The deferred income of an asset grant is released to profit or loss on a systematic basis over the asset's useful life.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Taking the whole asset grant to profit or loss on receipt.","es":""},"format":"TRUE_FALSE","answer":false},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"QST.IAS20.000046","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.ASSET_GRANTS.DEFERRED_INCOME"],"dimension":"APPLICATION","context":"V1_QST.IAS20.000046","tested_point":"QST.IAS20.000046","difficulty":"EXPERT","source":"V1","format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","estimated_time_s":120,"lesson_id":null,"review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000006","section_id":"rule-deferred"},"references":["IAS 20 §26"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Chevalier receives a grant of EUR 600,000 for a machine costing EUR 2,400,000, put into service on 1 October of year 1. Useful life: 8 years, straight-line depreciation pro rata temporis (case conventions); the grant is presented as deferred income. Which situation applies at 31 December of year 1?","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Approach: annual release = 600,000 ÷ 8 = 75,000; for three months (case convention), 75,000 × 3 ÷ 12 = 18,750; deferred income at 31 December = 600,000 − 18,750 = 581,250 (IAS 20, para. 26). Trap: applying a full year or forgetting to reduce the liability by the release. Point to note: the proration is a case convention, the standard requiring a systematic release over the useful life. Rule to remember: The release of deferred income follows the use of the asset, and the remaining balance is the grant less the releases.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Applying a full year of release when the asset is used for only three months.","es":""},"format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"Release of EUR 75,000 and remaining deferred income of EUR 525,000.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"This calculation uses a full year: the machine is used for only three months in year 1, so the release covers only a quarter of it (IAS 20, para. 26). The grant is released on a systematic basis over the asset's useful life, here pro rata to its use (IAS 20, para. 26). Rule to remember: The release of deferred income follows the use of the asset, and the remaining balance is the grant less the releases.","es":""}},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"Release of EUR 18,750 and remaining deferred income of EUR 600,000.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The release of 18,750 is right, but the remaining deferred income must be reduced by that release: 600,000 − 18,750 (IAS 20, para. 26). The grant is released on a systematic basis over the asset's useful life, here pro rata to its use (IAS 20, para. 26). Rule to remember: The release of deferred income follows the use of the asset, and the remaining balance is the grant less the releases.","es":""}},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"Release of EUR 18,750 and remaining deferred income of EUR 581,250.","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"Release of EUR 56,250 and remaining deferred income of EUR 543,750.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"This calculation uses nine months of use instead of three: the machine only enters service on 1 October (IAS 20, para. 26). The grant is released on a systematic basis over the asset's useful life, here pro rata to its use (IAS 20, para. 26). Rule to remember: The release of deferred income follows the use of the asset, and the remaining balance is the grant less the releases.","es":""}}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"QST.IAS20.000047","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.ASSET_GRANTS.DEDUCTION_FROM_CARRYING_AMOUNT"],"dimension":"RULE_KNOWLEDGE","context":"V1_QST.IAS20.000047","tested_point":"QST.IAS20.000047","difficulty":"BEGINNER","source":"V1","format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","estimated_time_s":60,"lesson_id":null,"review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000006","section_id":"rule-deduction"},"references":["IAS 20 §27"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"An entity deducts an equipment grant from the asset's carrying amount. How does the grant then affect profit or loss?","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Under deduction, the grant reduces the asset's carrying amount; it is recognised in profit or loss through a reduced depreciation charge, because depreciation is based on the net cost (IAS 20, para. 27). Approach: follow the asset net of the grant through to the depreciation charge. Trap: looking for a grant income line, which does not exist under this method. Rule to remember: Under deduction, the grant reaches profit or loss through a depreciation charge calculated on the net cost.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Looking for a separate grant income line when the deduction method recognises none.","es":""},"format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"Through a separate grant income line recognised each year.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"That presentation is the deferred income one; with deduction, no grant income line appears (IAS 20, para. 27). Under the deduction method, the grant reduces the asset's carrying amount and is recognised in profit or loss through a reduced depreciation charge (IAS 20, para. 27). Rule to remember: Under deduction, the grant reaches profit or loss through a depreciation charge calculated on the net cost.","es":""}},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"Through income recognised on the date the asset is acquired.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The grant is not taken to income on acquisition: it reduces the asset's carrying amount (IAS 20, para. 27). Under the deduction method, the grant reduces the asset's carrying amount and is recognised in profit or loss through a reduced depreciation charge (IAS 20, para. 27). Rule to remember: Under deduction, the grant reaches profit or loss through a depreciation charge calculated on the net cost.","es":""}},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"It affects profit or loss when the asset is disposed of, through the calculation of the gain or loss on disposal.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The effect on profit or loss is not limited to disposal: it appears every year, through a lower depreciation charge (IAS 20, para. 27). Under the deduction method, the grant reduces the asset's carrying amount and is recognised in profit or loss through a reduced depreciation charge (IAS 20, para. 27). Rule to remember: Under deduction, the grant reaches profit or loss through a depreciation charge calculated on the net cost.","es":""}},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"Through a reduced depreciation charge, calculated on the cost net of the grant.","es":""},"correct":true}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"QST.IAS20.000048","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.ASSET_GRANTS.DEDUCTION_FROM_CARRYING_AMOUNT"],"dimension":"CALCULATION","context":"V1_QST.IAS20.000048","tested_point":"QST.IAS20.000048","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","source":"V1","format":"NUMERICAL","estimated_time_s":180,"lesson_id":null,"review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000006","section_id":"rule-deduction"},"references":["IAS 20 §27"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Hamelin acquires equipment costing {asset_cost} and deducts the grant received of {grant_amount} from its carrying amount. Residual value: {residual_value}; useful life: {useful_life} years, straight-line depreciation (case conventions). Calculate the cost net of the grant, then the annual depreciation charge.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Approach: the grant is deducted from the asset's carrying amount (IAS 20, para. 27), so depreciation is based on the net cost: 600,000 − 150,000 = 450,000. Charge = (450,000 − 30,000) ÷ 6 = 70,000. Trap: depreciating the gross cost, which would ignore the effect of the grant on the charge. Rule to remember: Under deduction, the depreciation charge is calculated on the cost net of the grant, less the residual value.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Calculating the charge on the gross cost of the equipment.","es":""},"format":"CALCULATION","placeholders":[{"id":"asset_cost","value":"600000","unit":"EUR"},{"id":"grant_amount","value":"150000","unit":"EUR"},{"id":"residual_value","value":"30000","unit":"EUR"},{"id":"useful_life","value":"6","unit":"YEARS"}],"data":[{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Cost of the equipment","es":""},"value":"600000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Grant deducted from the carrying amount","es":""},"value":"150000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Residual value (on the net cost)","es":""},"value":"30000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Useful life","es":""},"value":"6","unit":"YEARS"}],"steps":[{"id":"COST_NET_OF_GRANT","label":{"fr":"","en":"Cost net of the grant","es":""},"answer":450000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"},{"id":"ANNUAL_DEPRECIATION","label":{"fr":"","en":"Annual depreciation charge","es":""},"answer":70000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"}],"formula":{"lines":[{"step":"COST_NET_OF_GRANT","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Cost net of the grant","es":""},"expression":"a - b","variables":[{"symbol":"a","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Cost of the equipment","es":""},"value":600000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"b","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Grant deducted from the carrying amount","es":""},"value":150000,"unit":"EUR"}],"result":450000,"unit":"EUR","rationale":{"fr":"","en":"Approach: the grant is deducted from the asset's carrying amount (IAS 20, para. 27), so depreciation is based on the net cost: 600,000 − 150,000 = 450,000.","es":""}},{"step":"ANNUAL_DEPRECIATION","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Annual depreciation charge","es":""},"expression":"(a - b) / c","variables":[{"symbol":"a","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Cost net of the grant","es":""},"value":450000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"b","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Residual value (on the net cost)","es":""},"value":30000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"c","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Useful life","es":""},"value":6,"unit":"YEARS"}],"result":70000,"unit":"EUR"}],"rationale":{"fr":"","en":"Under deduction, the depreciation charge is calculated on the cost net of the grant, less the residual value.","es":""},"references":["REF.IAS20.27"]}},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"QST.IAS20.000051","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.INCOME_GRANTS.PRESENTATION"],"dimension":"RULE_KNOWLEDGE","context":"V1_QST.IAS20.000051","tested_point":"QST.IAS20.000051","difficulty":"BEGINNER","source":"V1","format":"TRUE_FALSE","estimated_time_s":40,"lesson_id":null,"review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000007","section_id":"rule-presentation"},"references":["IAS 20 §29"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"A grant related to income may be presented in profit or loss either as a separate line or under a heading such as \"other income\", or as a deduction from the related expense.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"For a grant related to income, the standard allows two presentations in profit or loss: a separate line or \"other income\", or deduction from the related expense (IAS 20, para. 29). Approach: spot the two options described. Trap: believing that an income grant must always be a separate income line. Rule to remember: An income grant is presented as a separate line (or \"other income\"), or as a deduction from the related expense.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Thinking that an income grant must necessarily be a separate income line.","es":""},"format":"TRUE_FALSE","answer":true},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"QST.IAS20.000053","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.INCOME_GRANTS.PRESENTATION"],"dimension":"CALCULATION","context":"V1_QST.IAS20.000053","tested_point":"QST.IAS20.000053","difficulty":"ADVANCED","source":"V1","format":"NUMERICAL","estimated_time_s":180,"lesson_id":null,"review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000007","section_id":"rule-presentation"},"references":["IAS 20 §29"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Roussel is awarded {grant_amount} to compensate subcontracting expenses expected to total {total_costs}. During the year it recognises {period_costs} of these expenses. Case conventions: allocation in proportion to the expenses, and presentation of the grant as a deduction from the related expense. Calculate the grant matched to the year, then the net expense presented.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Approach: share for the year = 80,000 × 250,000 ÷ 500,000 = 40,000 (case key); presented as a deduction from the related expense (IAS 20, para. 29), it brings the expense down to 250,000 − 40,000 = 210,000. Trap: deducting the whole grant from the year's expense. Rule to remember: Presented as a deduction, the grant matched to the year reduces the compensated expense by the same amount.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Deducting the entire grant from the expense of a single year.","es":""},"format":"CALCULATION","placeholders":[{"id":"grant_amount","value":"80000","unit":"EUR"},{"id":"period_costs","value":"250000","unit":"EUR"},{"id":"total_costs","value":"500000","unit":"EUR"}],"data":[{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Grant awarded","es":""},"value":"80000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Compensated expenses recognised in the year","es":""},"value":"250000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Total expected compensated expenses","es":""},"value":"500000","unit":"EUR"}],"steps":[{"id":"GRANT_FOR_PERIOD","label":{"fr":"","en":"Grant matched to the year","es":""},"answer":40000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"},{"id":"NET_EXPENSE","label":{"fr":"","en":"Net expense presented in profit or loss","es":""},"answer":210000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"}],"formula":{"lines":[{"step":"GRANT_FOR_PERIOD","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Grant matched to the year","es":""},"expression":"a * b / c","variables":[{"symbol":"a","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Grant awarded","es":""},"value":80000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"b","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Compensated expenses recognised in the year","es":""},"value":250000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"c","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Total expected compensated expenses","es":""},"value":500000,"unit":"EUR"}],"result":40000,"unit":"EUR"},{"step":"NET_EXPENSE","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Net expense presented in profit or loss","es":""},"expression":"a - b","variables":[{"symbol":"a","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Compensated expenses recognised in the year","es":""},"value":250000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"b","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Grant matched to the year","es":""},"value":40000,"unit":"EUR"}],"result":210000,"unit":"EUR","rationale":{"fr":"","en":"presented as a deduction from the related expense (IAS 20, para. 29), it brings the expense down to 250,000 − 40,000 = 210,000.","es":""}}],"rationale":{"fr":"","en":"Presented as a deduction, the grant matched to the year reduces the compensated expense by the same amount.","es":""},"references":["REF.IAS20.29"]}},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"QST.IAS20.000054","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.INCOME_GRANTS.DETAIL"],"dimension":"RULE_KNOWLEDGE","context":"V1_QST.IAS20.000054","tested_point":"QST.IAS20.000054","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","source":"V1","format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","estimated_time_s":60,"lesson_id":null,"review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000007","section_id":"rule-detail"},"references":["IAS 20 §30","IAS 20 §31"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"An entity presents its income grants as a deduction from the related expenses. Which presentation point should it keep in mind?","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Presenting the grant as a deduction from the expense is allowed, but the gross expense no longer appears: it may then be appropriate to disclose the amount of the grant so that the financial statements remain understandable (IAS 20, paras. 29-31). Approach: ask what the reader no longer sees with a net presentation. Trap: believing that net presentation removes any need for disclosure. Rule to remember: With a net presentation of income grants, disclosure about the grant may remain appropriate.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Considering that presenting the grant as a deduction from the expense removes any need to disclose it.","es":""},"format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"It may be appropriate to disclose the amount of the grant so that the effect on the expense remains understandable.","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"It is exempt from any disclosure about these grants once the net expense is presented.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Net presentation does not remove the value of disclosing the grant, because the gross expense no longer appears (IAS 20, paras. 29-31). Both presentations of an income grant are accepted, and disclosure about the grant may be appropriate when the expense is presented net (IAS 20, paras. 29-31). Rule to remember: With a net presentation of income grants, disclosure about the grant may remain appropriate.","es":""}},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"It must then reclassify all its asset grants as a deduction from expenses.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The presentation choice for income grants does not dictate the one for asset grants, which follow their own methods (IAS 20, paras. 29-31). Both presentations of an income grant are accepted, and disclosure about the grant may be appropriate when the expense is presented net (IAS 20, paras. 29-31). Rule to remember: With a net presentation of income grants, disclosure about the grant may remain appropriate.","es":""}},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"It must present each grant as a separate income line the following year.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Nothing leads to a separate income line the following year: the grant follows the period of the expenses it compensates (IAS 20, paras. 29-31). Both presentations of an income grant are accepted, and disclosure about the grant may be appropriate when the expense is presented net (IAS 20, paras. 29-31). Rule to remember: With a net presentation of income grants, disclosure about the grant may remain appropriate.","es":""}}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"QST.IAS20.000055","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.REPAYMENT.CHANGE_IN_ESTIMATE"],"dimension":"RULE_KNOWLEDGE","context":"V1_QST.IAS20.000055","tested_point":"QST.IAS20.000055","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","source":"V1","format":"TRUE_FALSE","estimated_time_s":40,"lesson_id":null,"review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000008","section_id":"rule-estimate"},"references":["IAS 20 §32"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"When a government grant already recognised becomes repayable, the repayment is accounted for as a change in accounting estimate.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"A grant that becomes repayable is accounted for as a change in estimate (IAS 20, para. 32): prior periods are not restated, and the effect is recognised in the period of the change. Approach: first characterise the event as a change in estimate. Trap: restating past periods as if it were an error. Rule to remember: Repayment of a grant is a change in estimate, with no restatement of prior periods.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Restating prior periods when a grant becomes repayable.","es":""},"format":"TRUE_FALSE","answer":true},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"QST.IAS20.000056","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.REPAYMENT.CHANGE_IN_ESTIMATE"],"dimension":"CALCULATION","context":"V1_QST.IAS20.000056","tested_point":"QST.IAS20.000056","difficulty":"ADVANCED","source":"V1","format":"NUMERICAL","estimated_time_s":180,"lesson_id":null,"review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000008","section_id":"rule-estimate"},"references":["IAS 20 §32"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Bastide had received EUR 120,000 for a 4-year machine, recorded as deferred income and released for one year. At the reporting date, the grant becomes repayable for {repayment_amount}. The deferred income not yet released is {deferred_income_balance}. Calculate the expense to recognise immediately.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Approach: the grant relates to an asset; the repayment reduces the deferred income not yet released (90,000) and the additional cumulative depreciation that would have been recognised without the grant is recognised immediately in profit or loss (IAS 20, para. 32). Expense = 120,000 − 90,000 = 30,000, which is the release already taken to income in the first year. Trap: expensing the full 120,000 without setting off the deferred income. Rule to remember: For an asset-related grant presented as deferred income, the repayment reduces the deferred income and the cumulative releases already recognised are expensed immediately.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Expensing the whole repayment without setting it against the deferred income.","es":""},"format":"CALCULATION","placeholders":[{"id":"repayment_amount","value":"120000","unit":"EUR"},{"id":"deferred_income_balance","value":"90000","unit":"EUR"}],"data":[{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Amount that has become repayable","es":""},"value":"120000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Deferred income not yet released","es":""},"value":"90000","unit":"EUR"}],"steps":[{"id":"IMMEDIATE_EXPENSE","label":{"fr":"","en":"Immediate expense to recognise","es":""},"answer":30000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"}],"formula":{"lines":[{"step":"IMMEDIATE_EXPENSE","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Immediate expense to recognise","es":""},"expression":"a - b","variables":[{"symbol":"a","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Amount that has become repayable","es":""},"value":120000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"b","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Deferred income not yet released","es":""},"value":90000,"unit":"EUR"}],"result":30000,"unit":"EUR"}],"rationale":{"fr":"","en":"For an asset-related grant presented as deferred income, the repayment reduces the deferred income and the cumulative releases already recognised are expensed immediately.","es":""},"references":["REF.IAS20.32"]}},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"QST.IAS20.000058","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.REPAYMENT.ASSET_GRANTS"],"dimension":"ANALYSIS","context":"V1_QST.IAS20.000058","tested_point":"QST.IAS20.000058","difficulty":"ADVANCED","source":"V1","format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","estimated_time_s":90,"lesson_id":null,"review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000008","section_id":"numeric-deferred"},"references":["IAS 20 §32"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"An asset grant, deducted from the asset's carrying amount, becomes repayable. Among these four statements about its treatment, which one is wrong?","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"For a grant deducted from the asset, the repayment increases the asset's carrying amount and triggers an immediate additional depreciation charge for the excess, as a change in estimate (IAS 20, para. 32). Prior periods are not restated: the statement about restatement is therefore wrong. Approach: apply the logic of a change in estimate to each statement. Trap: confusing a change in estimate with an error correction. Rule to remember: Repayment of an asset grant is a change in estimate: carrying amount increased, immediate catch-up depreciation, no restatement.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Restating prior periods as for an error when an asset grant is repaid.","es":""},"format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"The asset's carrying amount is increased by the amount that has become repayable.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"This statement is accurate: the asset's carrying amount increases by the repayable amount, so it is not the error (IAS 20, para. 32). An asset grant that has become repayable is a change in estimate: the carrying amount increases and an immediate additional depreciation charge is recognised in profit or loss for the excess (IAS 20, para. 32). Rule to remember: Repayment of an asset grant is a change in estimate: carrying amount increased, immediate catch-up depreciation, no restatement.","es":""}},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"The prior-period accounts are restated to reflect depreciation on the revised carrying amount.","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"The repayment is accounted for as a change in accounting estimate.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"This statement is accurate: a grant that has become repayable is a change in estimate, so it is not the error (IAS 20, para. 32). An asset grant that has become repayable is a change in estimate: the carrying amount increases and an immediate additional depreciation charge is recognised in profit or loss for the excess (IAS 20, para. 32). Rule to remember: Repayment of an asset grant is a change in estimate: carrying amount increased, immediate catch-up depreciation, no restatement.","es":""}},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"An additional cumulative depreciation charge is recognised immediately in profit or loss.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"This statement is accurate: the excess depreciation relating to the elapsed period is recognised immediately, so it is not the error (IAS 20, para. 32). An asset grant that has become repayable is a change in estimate: the carrying amount increases and an immediate additional depreciation charge is recognised in profit or loss for the excess (IAS 20, para. 32). Rule to remember: Repayment of an asset grant is a change in estimate: carrying amount increased, immediate catch-up depreciation, no restatement.","es":""}}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"QST.IAS20.000059","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.REPAYMENT.ASSET_GRANTS"],"dimension":"CALCULATION","context":"V1_QST.IAS20.000059","tested_point":"QST.IAS20.000059","difficulty":"ADVANCED","source":"V1","format":"NUMERICAL","estimated_time_s":180,"lesson_id":null,"review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000008","section_id":"numeric-deferred"},"references":["IAS 20 §32"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Lemaire acquired an asset costing {asset_cost} and deducted a grant of {grant_amount} from its carrying amount. The asset has a useful life of {useful_life} years, depreciated on a straight-line basis with no residual value (case conventions), and {years_elapsed} years have elapsed when the grant becomes repayable in full. Calculate the cumulative additional depreciation to recognise immediately and the carrying amount after the catch-up.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Approach: a grant that becomes repayable is a change in estimate; the carrying amount increases and excess depreciation is recognised immediately (IAS 20, para. 32). Depreciation already charged on the net cost: (600,000 − 150,000) ÷ 5 × 3 = 270,000. Depreciation on the gross cost: 600,000 ÷ 5 × 3 = 360,000. Catch-up = 360,000 − 270,000 = 90,000; carrying amount = 600,000 − 360,000 = 240,000. Trap: depreciating only the recent portion. Rule to remember: The catch-up is the cumulative depreciation on the gross cost less the depreciation already recognised on the net cost.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Using one year's charge as the catch-up instead of the cumulative charge over the elapsed period.","es":""},"format":"CALCULATION","placeholders":[{"id":"asset_cost","value":"600000","unit":"EUR"},{"id":"grant_amount","value":"150000","unit":"EUR"},{"id":"useful_life","value":"5","unit":"YEARS"},{"id":"years_elapsed","value":"3","unit":"YEARS"}],"data":[{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Cost of the asset","es":""},"value":"600000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Grant deducted, now repayable","es":""},"value":"150000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Useful life","es":""},"value":"5","unit":"YEARS"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Years elapsed before repayment","es":""},"value":"3","unit":"YEARS"}],"steps":[{"id":"CATCH_UP_DEPRECIATION","label":{"fr":"","en":"Cumulative additional depreciation","es":""},"answer":90000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"},{"id":"CARRYING_AMOUNT_AFTER","label":{"fr":"","en":"Carrying amount after catch-up","es":""},"answer":240000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"}],"formula":{"lines":[{"step":"CATCH_UP_DEPRECIATION","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Cumulative additional depreciation","es":""},"expression":"(a / b * c) - ((a - d) / b * c)","variables":[{"symbol":"a","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Cost of the asset","es":""},"value":600000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"b","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Useful life","es":""},"value":5,"unit":"YEARS"},{"symbol":"c","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Years elapsed before repayment","es":""},"value":3,"unit":"YEARS"},{"symbol":"d","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Grant deducted, now repayable","es":""},"value":150000,"unit":"EUR"}],"result":90000,"unit":"EUR"},{"step":"CARRYING_AMOUNT_AFTER","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Carrying amount after catch-up","es":""},"expression":"a - (a / b * c)","variables":[{"symbol":"a","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Cost of the asset","es":""},"value":600000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"b","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Useful life","es":""},"value":5,"unit":"YEARS"},{"symbol":"c","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Years elapsed before repayment","es":""},"value":3,"unit":"YEARS"}],"result":240000,"unit":"EUR"}],"rationale":{"fr":"","en":"The catch-up is the cumulative depreciation on the gross cost less the depreciation already recognised on the net cost.","es":""},"references":["REF.IAS20.32"]}},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"QST.IAS20.000061","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.REPAYMENT.ASSET_GRANTS"],"dimension":"APPLICATION","context":"V1_QST.IAS20.000061","tested_point":"QST.IAS20.000061","difficulty":"EXPERT","source":"V1","format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","estimated_time_s":120,"lesson_id":null,"review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000008","section_id":"numeric-deferred"},"references":["IAS 20 §32"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Guérin acquired an asset for EUR 900,000, depreciated over 5 years (straight-line, no residual value), and deducted a grant of EUR 180,000 from its carrying amount. After 2 years, the grant becomes repayable in full. Which treatment is consistent with a change in estimate?","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Case fact: depreciation already booked on the net cost (900,000 − 180,000) ÷ 5 × 2 = 288,000; depreciation on the gross cost 900,000 ÷ 5 × 2 = 360,000. The catch-up is 360,000 − 288,000 = 72,000, recognised immediately, and the carrying amount is raised by 180,000 (IAS 20, para. 32). A change in estimate rules out any restatement. Trap: spreading the catch-up or running it through prior periods. Rule to remember: Asset grant repaid: carrying amount raised, immediate depreciation catch-up, past years unchanged.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Spreading the depreciation catch-up over the remaining years instead of recognising it immediately.","es":""},"format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"Recognise EUR 180,000 as an expense immediately, with the asset staying at its current carrying amount.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Expensing everything leaves the asset unchanged, whereas its carrying amount must be raised by the amount that has become repayable (IAS 20, para. 32). An asset grant that has become repayable raises the carrying amount and triggers an immediate additional depreciation charge for the excess, with no restatement (IAS 20, para. 32). Rule to remember: Asset grant repaid: carrying amount raised, immediate depreciation catch-up, past years unchanged.","es":""}},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"Raise the asset by EUR 180,000 and spread EUR 72,000 of additional depreciation over the three remaining years.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The excess depreciation relating to the two elapsed years is recognised immediately, not spread over the remaining years (IAS 20, para. 32). An asset grant that has become repayable raises the carrying amount and triggers an immediate additional depreciation charge for the excess, with no restatement (IAS 20, para. 32). Rule to remember: Asset grant repaid: carrying amount raised, immediate depreciation catch-up, past years unchanged.","es":""}},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"Raise the asset by EUR 180,000 and recognise EUR 72,000 of additional depreciation immediately.","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"Restate the two past years for EUR 72,000 and raise the asset by EUR 180,000.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"A change in estimate does not lead to restating past years: the effect is recognised in the year of the change (IAS 20, para. 32). An asset grant that has become repayable raises the carrying amount and triggers an immediate additional depreciation charge for the excess, with no restatement (IAS 20, para. 32). Rule to remember: Asset grant repaid: carrying amount raised, immediate depreciation catch-up, past years unchanged.","es":""}}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"QST.IAS20.000062","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.REPAYMENT.INCOME_GRANTS"],"dimension":"RULE_KNOWLEDGE","context":"V1_QST.IAS20.000062","tested_point":"QST.IAS20.000062","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","source":"V1","format":"TRUE_FALSE","estimated_time_s":40,"lesson_id":null,"review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000008","section_id":"rule-income"},"references":["IAS 20 §32"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"When an income grant becomes repayable, the amount repayable is expensed immediately without first being set against the unreleased deferred income.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"For an income grant, the repayment is first set against the unreleased deferred income; any excess is an immediate expense (IAS 20, para. 32). Approach: first look for the deferred income balance. Trap: expensing the whole repayment without considering the balance in liabilities. Rule to remember: Repayment of an income grant is set first against the unreleased deferred income.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Expensing the repayment in full without first clearing the deferred income.","es":""},"format":"TRUE_FALSE","answer":false},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"QST.IAS20.000063","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.REPAYMENT.INCOME_GRANTS"],"dimension":"CALCULATION","context":"V1_VG.IAS20.000001","tested_point":"VG.IAS20.000001","difficulty":"ADVANCED","source":"V1","format":"NUMERICAL","estimated_time_s":180,"lesson_id":null,"review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000008","section_id":"rule-income"},"references":["IAS 20 §32"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Pinel had received EUR 90,000 for a three-year training programme, recorded as deferred income and released over two years. The programme is called into question: the grant becomes repayable for {repayment_amount}, while the deferred income not yet released is {deferred_income_balance}. Calculate the expense to recognise immediately.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Approach: the repayment is first set against the unreleased deferred income, with the excess going to an immediate expense (IAS 20, para. 32). Expense = 90,000 − 30,000 = 60,000, which is the two years of release already taken to income. Trap: expensing 90,000 without clearing the deferred income of 30,000. Rule to remember: The immediate expense is the repayable amount less the unreleased deferred income.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Expensing the whole repayment without setting off the deferred income.","es":""},"format":"CALCULATION","placeholders":[{"id":"repayment_amount","value":"90000","unit":"EUR"},{"id":"deferred_income_balance","value":"30000","unit":"EUR"}],"data":[{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Amount that has become repayable","es":""},"value":"90000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Deferred income not yet released","es":""},"value":"30000","unit":"EUR"}],"steps":[{"id":"IMMEDIATE_EXPENSE","label":{"fr":"","en":"Immediate expense to recognise","es":""},"answer":60000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"}],"formula":{"lines":[{"step":"IMMEDIATE_EXPENSE","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Immediate expense to recognise","es":""},"expression":"a - b","variables":[{"symbol":"a","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Amount that has become repayable","es":""},"value":90000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"b","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Deferred income not yet released","es":""},"value":30000,"unit":"EUR"}],"result":60000,"unit":"EUR"}],"rationale":{"fr":"","en":"The immediate expense is the repayable amount less the unreleased deferred income.","es":""},"references":["REF.IAS20.32"]}},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"QST.IAS20.000064","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.REPAYMENT.INCOME_GRANTS"],"dimension":"CALCULATION","context":"V1_VG.IAS20.000001","tested_point":"VG.IAS20.000001","difficulty":"ADVANCED","source":"V1","format":"NUMERICAL","estimated_time_s":180,"lesson_id":null,"review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000008","section_id":"rule-income"},"references":["IAS 20 §32"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"A grant of EUR 150,000 financed research costs over five years for Quentin and was released to profit or loss each year. At the end of the third year, it becomes repayable for {repayment_amount}; {deferred_income_balance} of deferred income remains to be released. What expense must be recognised immediately?","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Approach: the repayment is set against the deferred income that remains, and the excess is an immediate expense (IAS 20, para. 32). Expense = 150,000 − 60,000 = 90,000, which is the three years of release already recognised as income. Trap: charging 150,000 or only 60,000. Rule to remember: The excess of the repayment over the remaining deferred income is expensed in the year of the change in estimate.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Using the deferred income balance as the expense instead of the excess of the repayment.","es":""},"format":"CALCULATION","placeholders":[{"id":"repayment_amount","value":"150000","unit":"EUR"},{"id":"deferred_income_balance","value":"60000","unit":"EUR"}],"data":[{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Amount that has become repayable","es":""},"value":"150000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Deferred income not yet released","es":""},"value":"60000","unit":"EUR"}],"steps":[{"id":"IMMEDIATE_EXPENSE","label":{"fr":"","en":"Immediate expense to recognise","es":""},"answer":90000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"}],"formula":{"lines":[{"step":"IMMEDIATE_EXPENSE","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Immediate expense to recognise","es":""},"expression":"a - b","variables":[{"symbol":"a","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Amount that has become repayable","es":""},"value":150000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"b","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Deferred income not yet released","es":""},"value":60000,"unit":"EUR"}],"result":90000,"unit":"EUR"}],"rationale":{"fr":"","en":"The excess of the repayment over the remaining deferred income is expensed in the year of the change in estimate.","es":""},"references":["REF.IAS20.32"]}},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"QST.IAS20.000065","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.REPAYMENT.IMPAIRMENT_REVIEW"],"dimension":"RULE_KNOWLEDGE","context":"V1_QST.IAS20.000065","tested_point":"QST.IAS20.000065","difficulty":"ADVANCED","source":"V1","format":"MULTIPLE_CHOICE","estimated_time_s":90,"lesson_id":null,"review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000008","section_id":"rule-impairment"},"references":["IAS 20 §33"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"An asset grant, deducted from the asset's carrying amount, becomes repayable, which raises the asset's carrying amount. Which of these statements are accurate? (More than one answer possible.)","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Repayment of an asset grant raises the carrying amount; the circumstances of the repayment may then require the new carrying amount to be considered for possible impairment (IAS 20, para. 33), because it may exceed what the asset can recover. The review is independent of the repayment being a change in estimate. Approach: link the increase in value to the risk of overstatement. Trap: concluding there is no review because the repayment is a mere estimate. Rule to remember: The increase in carrying amount after repayment of a grant calls for an impairment review of the new amount.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Carrying out no impairment review after the carrying amount has been raised by the repayment.","es":""},"format":"MULTIPLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"The circumstances of the repayment may require the new carrying amount to be considered for possible impairment.","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"An impairment review is optional as long as the repayment is treated as a change in estimate.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Treating the repayment as a change in estimate does not rule out a review of the new carrying amount (IAS 20, para. 33). After the repayment of an asset grant, the asset's new carrying amount is to be reviewed for impairment (IAS 20, para. 33). Rule to remember: The increase in carrying amount after repayment of a grant calls for an impairment review of the new amount.","es":""}},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"Raising the carrying amount may take it beyond what the asset can recover.","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"The review applies to the revised carrying amount, not to the original amount net of the grant.","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"E","text":{"fr":"","en":"Any impairment is treated as the correction of a prior-period error.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Any impairment is recognised in the period in which it is identified: the repayment is not a past error (IAS 20, para. 33). After the repayment of an asset grant, the asset's new carrying amount is to be reviewed for impairment (IAS 20, para. 33). Rule to remember: The increase in carrying amount after repayment of a grant calls for an impairment review of the new amount.","es":""}}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"QST.IAS20.000066","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.REPAYMENT.IMPAIRMENT_REVIEW"],"dimension":"CALCULATION","context":"V1_QST.IAS20.000066","tested_point":"QST.IAS20.000066","difficulty":"ADVANCED","source":"V1","format":"NUMERICAL","estimated_time_s":180,"lesson_id":null,"review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000008","section_id":"rule-impairment"},"references":["IAS 20 §33"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Rolland acquired an asset costing {asset_cost} and deducted a grant of {grant_amount} from its carrying amount. Useful life: {useful_life} years, straight-line depreciation with no residual value (case conventions). After {years_elapsed} year, the grant becomes repayable in full. Calculate the catch-up depreciation, then the carrying amount to compare, in the impairment review, with what the asset can recover.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Approach: the repayment raises the carrying amount and a depreciation catch-up is recognised immediately in profit or loss; the circumstances of the repayment may require considering possible impairment of the new carrying amount, here the resulting amount (IAS 20, para. 33). Depreciation booked: (400,000 − 100,000) ÷ 4 = 75,000; depreciation on the gross cost: 400,000 ÷ 4 = 100,000; catch-up = 25,000. Carrying amount to examine = 400,000 − 100,000 = 300,000. Trap: examining the pre-repayment amount of 225,000. Rule to remember: If an impairment review is required, it applies to the revised carrying amount, after the increase and the depreciation catch-up.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Submitting the pre-repayment amount to the review, with no increase or catch-up.","es":""},"format":"CALCULATION","placeholders":[{"id":"asset_cost","value":"400000","unit":"EUR"},{"id":"grant_amount","value":"100000","unit":"EUR"},{"id":"useful_life","value":"4","unit":"YEARS"},{"id":"years_elapsed","value":"1","unit":"YEARS"}],"data":[{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Cost of the asset","es":""},"value":"400000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Grant deducted, now repayable","es":""},"value":"100000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Useful life","es":""},"value":"4","unit":"YEARS"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Years elapsed before repayment","es":""},"value":"1","unit":"YEARS"}],"steps":[{"id":"CATCH_UP_DEPRECIATION","label":{"fr":"","en":"Additional catch-up depreciation","es":""},"answer":25000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"},{"id":"CARRYING_AMOUNT_TO_TEST","label":{"fr":"","en":"Carrying amount to submit to the impairment review","es":""},"answer":300000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"}],"formula":{"lines":[{"step":"CARRYING_AMOUNT_TO_TEST","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Carrying amount to submit to the impairment review","es":""},"expression":"a - b","variables":[{"symbol":"a","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Cost of the asset","es":""},"value":400000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"b","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Grant deducted, now repayable","es":""},"value":100000,"unit":"EUR"}],"result":300000,"unit":"EUR"}],"rationale":{"fr":"","en":"If an impairment review is required, it applies to the revised carrying amount, after the increase and the depreciation catch-up.","es":""},"references":["REF.IAS20.33"]}},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"QST.IAS20.000068","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.ASSISTANCE.OTHER_ASSISTANCE"],"dimension":"RULE_KNOWLEDGE","context":"V1_QST.IAS20.000068","tested_point":"QST.IAS20.000068","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","source":"V1","format":"MULTIPLE_CHOICE","estimated_time_s":90,"lesson_id":null,"review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000009","section_id":"rule-assistance"},"references":["IAS 20 §34","IAS 20 §35","IAS 20 §36"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"A public agency provides an entity with free technical advice whose value cannot reasonably be estimated. Which of these statements are accurate? (More than one answer possible.)","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Government assistance that cannot reasonably be valued is not recognised as a grant; however, the standard also covers other forms of government assistance, and disclosure of their nature may be needed to understand the benefit received (IAS 20, paras. 34-36). Approach: separate recognition from disclosure. Trap: concluding that the absence of a value removes any communication. Rule to remember: Assistance that cannot be valued is not recognised as a grant, but disclosure about it may remain necessary.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Inventing a value for assistance that cannot be valued in order to recognise it, or ignoring any disclosure about it.","es":""},"format":"MULTIPLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"The entity freely estimates a value for the advice in order to recognise income.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Freely estimating a value for assistance that cannot reasonably be valued does not lead to a recognised grant (IAS 20, paras. 34-36). Government assistance that cannot be valued is not a recognised grant, but disclosure of its nature may be needed (IAS 20, paras. 34-36). Rule to remember: Assistance that cannot be valued is not recognised as a grant, but disclosure about it may remain necessary.","es":""}},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"Assistance that cannot reasonably be valued does not give rise to the recognition of a grant.","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"Disclosure is reserved for assistance that the entity has been able to value in euros.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Assistance that is not a grant may still call for disclosure, since the standard also covers other government assistance (IAS 20, paras. 34-36). Government assistance that cannot be valued is not a recognised grant, but disclosure of its nature may be needed (IAS 20, paras. 34-36). Rule to remember: Assistance that cannot be valued is not recognised as a grant, but disclosure about it may remain necessary.","es":""}},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"Information about the nature of this assistance may be needed for the reader to understand the benefit received.","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"E","text":{"fr":"","en":"The assistance is recognised at the rate the agency charges its ordinary clients.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The agency's rate is not a recognition criterion: assistance that cannot reasonably be valued is not recognised as a grant (IAS 20, paras. 34-36). Government assistance that cannot be valued is not a recognised grant, but disclosure of its nature may be needed (IAS 20, paras. 34-36). Rule to remember: Assistance that cannot be valued is not recognised as a grant, but disclosure about it may remain necessary.","es":""}}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"QST.IAS20.000069","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.DISCLOSURE.POLICY"],"dimension":"RULE_KNOWLEDGE","context":"V1_QST.IAS20.000069","tested_point":"QST.IAS20.000069","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","source":"V1","format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","estimated_time_s":60,"lesson_id":null,"review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000010","section_id":"rule-policy"},"references":["IAS 20 §39"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Which of these items belongs to the disclosure about the accounting policy applied to government grants?","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"The disclosure required by the standard includes the accounting policy applied to grants and the presentation methods adopted, separate from disclosure on the nature and extent of assistance and on unfulfilled conditions (IAS 20, para. 39). Approach: place each item in its disclosure area. Trap: mixing up policy, amounts and contingencies. Rule to remember: Policy disclosure describes the accounting policy for grants and the presentation methods, not their amounts.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Putting in the policy disclosure items that belong to amounts or contingencies.","es":""},"format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"The total amount of grants received in the year, compared with revenue for the same period.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Amounts belong to the disclosure of the nature and extent of grants, not to the accounting policy disclosure (IAS 20, para. 39). The entity discloses the accounting policy applied to grants and the presentation methods adopted (IAS 20, para. 39). Rule to remember: Policy disclosure describes the accounting policy for grants and the presentation methods, not their amounts.","es":""}},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"The list of grant agreements signed with each public body.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"A list of agreements is not what the accounting policy disclosure covers, which describes how the entity accounts for grants (IAS 20, para. 39). The entity discloses the accounting policy applied to grants and the presentation methods adopted (IAS 20, para. 39). Rule to remember: Policy disclosure describes the accounting policy for grants and the presentation methods, not their amounts.","es":""}},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"The unfulfilled conditions attached to grants already recognised.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Unfulfilled conditions are separate disclosure, about contingencies, and not about the accounting policy (IAS 20, para. 39). The entity discloses the accounting policy applied to grants and the presentation methods adopted (IAS 20, para. 39). Rule to remember: Policy disclosure describes the accounting policy for grants and the presentation methods, not their amounts.","es":""}},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"The accounting policy adopted for grants, including the presentation methods used.","es":""},"correct":true}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"QST.IAS20.000070","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.DISCLOSURE.NATURE_AND_EXTENT"],"dimension":"RULE_KNOWLEDGE","context":"V1_QST.IAS20.000070","tested_point":"QST.IAS20.000070","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","source":"V1","format":"MULTIPLE_CHOICE","estimated_time_s":90,"lesson_id":null,"review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000010","section_id":"rule-nature"},"references":["IAS 20 §39"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Which of these disclosures does IAS 20 expect about grants and other government assistance? (More than one answer possible.)","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"The disclosure covers the nature and extent of the grants recognised and of the other forms of government assistance the entity has benefited from (IAS 20, para. 39). Data unrelated to the extent of the assistance (employees, future assistance, profitability calculated by the body) are not part of it. Approach: keep what describes the assistance received and its extent. Trap: adding information that does not describe the benefit obtained. Rule to remember: Disclosure covers the nature and extent of the grants and other government assistance received.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Limiting disclosure to recognised grants and forgetting other government assistance the entity has benefited from.","es":""},"format":"MULTIPLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"The nature and extent of the grants recognised in the financial statements.","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"The identity of each employee whose post is funded by a grant.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Employee identities are not information about the nature and extent of grants and are not expected on that basis (IAS 20, para. 39). IAS 20 expects disclosure of the nature and extent of grants and of other government assistance recognised or benefited from (IAS 20, para. 39). Rule to remember: Disclosure covers the nature and extent of the grants and other government assistance received.","es":""}},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"The amount the government might grant the entity in coming years.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Future assistance not yet obtained is not recognised assistance: the disclosure covers what has been received or recognised (IAS 20, para. 39). IAS 20 expects disclosure of the nature and extent of grants and of other government assistance recognised or benefited from (IAS 20, para. 39). Rule to remember: Disclosure covers the nature and extent of the grants and other government assistance received.","es":""}},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"The nature and extent of the other forms of government assistance from which the entity has directly benefited.","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"E","text":{"fr":"","en":"The profitability of each funded project, calculated by the public body.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Project profitability calculated by the body does not form part of the disclosure on the nature and extent of assistance (IAS 20, para. 39). IAS 20 expects disclosure of the nature and extent of grants and of other government assistance recognised or benefited from (IAS 20, para. 39). Rule to remember: Disclosure covers the nature and extent of the grants and other government assistance received.","es":""}}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"QST.IAS20.000071","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.DISCLOSURE.NATURE_AND_EXTENT"],"dimension":"CALCULATION","context":"V1_QST.IAS20.000071","tested_point":"QST.IAS20.000071","difficulty":"ADVANCED","source":"V1","format":"NUMERICAL","estimated_time_s":180,"lesson_id":null,"review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000010","section_id":"rule-nature"},"references":["IAS 20 §39"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"To prepare the disclosure on the extent of its asset grants presented as deferred income, Fabre has the year's data: opening deferred income {opening_balance}, grants recognised {grants_received}, releases to profit or loss {releases}, repayments set against deferred income {repayments}. Calculate closing deferred income and the amount of grants released to profit or loss for the year.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Approach: closing deferred income = opening + grants recognised − releases − repayments set off = 200,000 + 150,000 − 60,000 − 40,000 = 250,000. The amount released to profit or loss is the releases, 60,000; these two amounts inform the extent of the grants (IAS 20, para. 39). Trap: forgetting to deduct the repayments. Rule to remember: Closing deferred income is computed by reconciliation: opening, plus grants, less releases and repayments.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Leaving out the repayments in the deferred income reconciliation.","es":""},"format":"CALCULATION","placeholders":[{"id":"opening_balance","value":"200000","unit":"EUR"},{"id":"grants_received","value":"150000","unit":"EUR"},{"id":"releases","value":"60000","unit":"EUR"},{"id":"repayments","value":"40000","unit":"EUR"}],"data":[{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Opening deferred income","es":""},"value":"200000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Grants recognised in the year","es":""},"value":"150000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Releases to profit or loss","es":""},"value":"60000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Repayments set against deferred income","es":""},"value":"40000","unit":"EUR"}],"steps":[{"id":"CLOSING_BALANCE","label":{"fr":"","en":"Closing deferred income","es":""},"answer":250000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"},{"id":"GRANTS_IN_PROFIT_OR_LOSS","label":{"fr":"","en":"Grants released to profit or loss for the year","es":""},"answer":60000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"}],"formula":{"lines":[{"step":"CLOSING_BALANCE","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Closing deferred income","es":""},"expression":"a + b - c - d","variables":[{"symbol":"a","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Opening deferred income","es":""},"value":200000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"b","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Grants recognised in the year","es":""},"value":150000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"c","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Releases to profit or loss","es":""},"value":60000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"d","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Repayments set against deferred income","es":""},"value":40000,"unit":"EUR"}],"result":250000,"unit":"EUR"}],"rationale":{"fr":"","en":"Closing deferred income is computed by reconciliation: opening, plus grants, less releases and repayments.","es":""},"references":["REF.IAS20.39"]}},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"QST.IAS20.000072","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.DISCLOSURE.UNFULFILLED_CONDITIONS"],"dimension":"APPLICATION","context":"V1_QST.IAS20.000072","tested_point":"QST.IAS20.000072","difficulty":"ADVANCED","source":"V1","format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","estimated_time_s":120,"lesson_id":null,"review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000010","section_id":"rule-unfulfilled"},"references":["IAS 20 §39"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"At the reporting date, Laurent has recognised a grant of EUR 400,000, with reasonable assurance in place. The grant remains subject to an employment condition that will only be checked at the end of the next three years; it has therefore not yet been fulfilled. What disclosure does the standard lead the entity to consider?","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"The grant is recognised because reasonable assurance exists; that does not settle the question of disclosure. The standard leads the entity to communicate unfulfilled conditions and other contingencies linked to government assistance (IAS 20, para. 39). Professional judgement: decide the level of detail useful to the reader. Approach: separate recognition from disclosure. Trap: believing that a recognised grant requires no further disclosure. Rule to remember: A recognised grant does not remove disclosure of conditions not yet fulfilled and of contingencies.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Giving no disclosure about a condition still to be met because the grant is already recognised.","es":""},"format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"Mention the conditions not yet fulfilled that are attached to the recognised grant.","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"Limit disclosure to the accounting policy, the grant being already recognised.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"Recognition does not remove the value of disclosing the conditions still to be met (IAS 20, para. 39). Unfulfilled conditions and other contingencies linked to government assistance form part of the required disclosure (IAS 20, para. 39). Rule to remember: A recognised grant does not remove disclosure of conditions not yet fulfilled and of contingencies.","es":""}},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"Defer the grant as deferred income until the employment condition is checked.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"This is about disclosure, not a recognition choice; deferring the grant would answer a different question (IAS 20, para. 39). Unfulfilled conditions and other contingencies linked to government assistance form part of the required disclosure (IAS 20, para. 39). Rule to remember: A recognised grant does not remove disclosure of conditions not yet fulfilled and of contingencies.","es":""}},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"Reverse the recognised grant, because a condition remains to be met.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"With reasonable assurance in place, the grant stays recognised; the condition still to be met calls for disclosure, not reversal (IAS 20, para. 39). Unfulfilled conditions and other contingencies linked to government assistance form part of the required disclosure (IAS 20, para. 39). Rule to remember: A recognised grant does not remove disclosure of conditions not yet fulfilled and of contingencies.","es":""}}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"QST.IAS20.000073","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.TRANSITION.EFFECTIVE_DATES"],"dimension":"RULE_KNOWLEDGE","context":"V1_QST.IAS20.000073","tested_point":"QST.IAS20.000073","difficulty":"ADVANCED","source":"V1","format":"TRUE_FALSE","estimated_time_s":40,"lesson_id":null,"review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000011","section_id":"rule-dates"},"references":["IAS 20 §40","IAS 20 §41"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"IAS 20 contains effective date and transition provisions, which include the consequential amendments resulting from other standards.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"The standard ends with its effective date and transition provisions, including consequential amendments made by other standards (IAS 20, effective date and transition provisions). Approach: place these provisions at the end of the standard, outside the recognition path. Trap: treating a consequential amendment as a new recognition rule of the standard. Rule to remember: The effective date and transition provisions of IAS 20 include the consequential amendments.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Confusing the transition provisions with the ongoing recognition rules.","es":""},"format":"TRUE_FALSE","answer":true},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"QST.IAS20.000074","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.INTERACTIONS.IAS23_CAPITALISATION"],"dimension":"CALCULATION","context":"V1_QST.IAS20.000074","tested_point":"QST.IAS20.000074","difficulty":"ADVANCED","source":"V1","format":"NUMERICAL","estimated_time_s":180,"lesson_id":null,"review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000012","section_id":"rule-ias23"},"references":["IAS 20 §27"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Chauvin is building a plant and has incurred {expenditure} of expenditure to date. It has received {grant_received} of grant for this asset, which it deducts from the asset's carrying amount. Under the IAS 23 rule (its own course), the capitalisation base for borrowing costs is the expenditure incurred net of the grant received for the asset. Calculate the expenditure used as the base.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Approach: under the deduction method, the grant reduces the asset's carrying amount (IAS 20, para. 27); under IAS 23, the capitalisation base is the expenditure net of that grant (IAS 23, para. 18): 1,800,000 − 450,000 = 1,350,000. The treatment of borrowing costs belongs to its own standard; here, only the case's base is calculated. Trap: using the gross expenditure of 1,800,000. Rule to remember: under IAS 23, the capitalisation base is the expenditure incurred less the grant received for the asset (IAS 23, para. 18).","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Using the gross expenditure as the base when the IAS 23 rule reduces it by the grant received.","es":""},"format":"CALCULATION","placeholders":[{"id":"expenditure","value":"1800000","unit":"EUR"},{"id":"grant_received","value":"450000","unit":"EUR"}],"data":[{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Expenditure incurred on the asset under construction","es":""},"value":"1800000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Grant received for the asset","es":""},"value":"450000","unit":"EUR"}],"steps":[{"id":"QUALIFYING_EXPENDITURE","label":{"fr":"","en":"Expenditure used as the capitalisation base","es":""},"answer":1350000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"}],"formula":{"lines":[{"step":"QUALIFYING_EXPENDITURE","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Expenditure used as the capitalisation base","es":""},"expression":"a - b","variables":[{"symbol":"a","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Expenditure incurred on the asset under construction","es":""},"value":1800000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"b","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Grant received for the asset","es":""},"value":450000,"unit":"EUR"}],"result":1350000,"unit":"EUR","rationale":{"fr":"","en":"under IAS 23, the capitalisation base is the expenditure net of that grant (IAS 23, para. 18): 1,800,000 − 450,000 = 1,350,000.","es":""}}],"rationale":{"fr":"","en":"under IAS 23, the capitalisation base is the expenditure incurred less the grant received for the asset (IAS 23, para. 18).","es":""},"references":["REF.IAS20.27"]}},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"QST.IAS20.000075","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.INTERACTIONS.IAS23_CAPITALISATION"],"dimension":"ANALYSIS","context":"V1_QST.IAS20.000075","tested_point":"QST.IAS20.000075","difficulty":"ADVANCED","source":"V1","format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","estimated_time_s":90,"lesson_id":null,"review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000012","section_id":"rule-ias23"},"references":["IAS 20 §24","IAS 20 §26","IAS 20 §27"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Four statements compare the two presentations of a grant related to an asset under construction. Which one is wrong?","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"The two permitted presentations differ as follows: deferred income, the asset stays at gross cost and the grant is in liabilities before being released (IAS 20, paras. 24 and 26); deduction, the asset's carrying amount is net and the charge is based on the net cost (IAS 20, para. 27). The statement that reduces the asset under deferred income mixes up the two methods. Approach: identify each method's effect on the asset. Trap: applying one method's outcome to the other. Rule to remember: Deferred income: asset at gross cost and grant in liabilities; deduction: asset net of the grant.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Believing that deferred income also reduces the asset's carrying amount.","es":""},"format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"With deduction, the asset's carrying amount is presented net of the grant.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"This statement is accurate: deduction reduces the asset's carrying amount, so it is not the error (IAS 20, paras. 24, 26 and 27). With deferred income, the asset stays at gross cost and the grant is in liabilities; with deduction, the asset's carrying amount is net of the grant (IAS 20, paras. 24, 26 and 27). Rule to remember: Deferred income: asset at gross cost and grant in liabilities; deduction: asset net of the grant.","es":""}},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"With deferred income, the asset's carrying amount is reduced by the amount of the grant.","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"With deferred income, the grant is recorded as a liability and then released to profit or loss.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"This statement is accurate: deferred income is held in liabilities and then released, so it is not the error (IAS 20, paras. 24, 26 and 27). With deferred income, the asset stays at gross cost and the grant is in liabilities; with deduction, the asset's carrying amount is net of the grant (IAS 20, paras. 24, 26 and 27). Rule to remember: Deferred income: asset at gross cost and grant in liabilities; deduction: asset net of the grant.","es":""}},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"With deduction, the depreciation charge is calculated on the cost net of the grant.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"This statement is accurate: the charge is based on the net cost, so it is not the error (IAS 20, paras. 24, 26 and 27). With deferred income, the asset stays at gross cost and the grant is in liabilities; with deduction, the asset's carrying amount is net of the grant (IAS 20, paras. 24, 26 and 27). Rule to remember: Deferred income: asset at gross cost and grant in liabilities; deduction: asset net of the grant.","es":""}}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"QST.IAS20.000077","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.INTERACTIONS.IAS16_BASELINE"],"dimension":"CALCULATION","context":"V1_QST.IAS20.000077","tested_point":"QST.IAS20.000077","difficulty":"INTERMEDIATE","source":"V1","format":"NUMERICAL","estimated_time_s":180,"lesson_id":null,"review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000012","section_id":"rule-ias16"},"references":["IAS 20 §24","IAS 20 §27"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"Marchand records an item of property, plant and equipment at {asset_cost} and deducts the grant received of {grant_amount} from its cost. Residual value: {residual_value}; useful life: {useful_life} years, straight-line depreciation (case conventions). Calculate the cost net of the grant, then the annual depreciation charge.","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"Approach: the deducted grant reduces the item's carrying amount (IAS 20, paras. 24 and 27), and with it the depreciable base: 900,000 − 180,000 = 720,000. Charge = (720,000 − 60,000) ÷ 8 = 82,500. Trap: computing on 900,000 and getting 105,000, which ignores the effect of the grant. Rule to remember: Under deduction, the item's depreciable base is its cost net of the grant, less the residual value.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Calculating the charge on the gross cost and forgetting to deduct the grant.","es":""},"format":"CALCULATION","placeholders":[{"id":"asset_cost","value":"900000","unit":"EUR"},{"id":"grant_amount","value":"180000","unit":"EUR"},{"id":"residual_value","value":"60000","unit":"EUR"},{"id":"useful_life","value":"8","unit":"YEARS"}],"data":[{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Cost of the item of property, plant and equipment","es":""},"value":"900000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Grant deducted from cost","es":""},"value":"180000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Residual value (on the net cost)","es":""},"value":"60000","unit":"EUR"},{"label":{"fr":"","en":"Useful life","es":""},"value":"8","unit":"YEARS"}],"steps":[{"id":"COST_NET_OF_GRANT","label":{"fr":"","en":"Cost net of the grant","es":""},"answer":720000,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"},{"id":"ANNUAL_DEPRECIATION","label":{"fr":"","en":"Annual depreciation charge","es":""},"answer":82500,"tolerance":0,"unit":"EUR"}],"formula":{"lines":[{"step":"COST_NET_OF_GRANT","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Cost net of the grant","es":""},"expression":"a - b","variables":[{"symbol":"a","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Cost of the item of property, plant and equipment","es":""},"value":900000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"b","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Grant deducted from cost","es":""},"value":180000,"unit":"EUR"}],"result":720000,"unit":"EUR","rationale":{"fr":"","en":"Approach: the deducted grant reduces the item's carrying amount (IAS 20, paras. 24 and 27), and with it the depreciable base: 900,000 − 180,000 = 720,000.","es":""}},{"step":"ANNUAL_DEPRECIATION","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Annual depreciation charge","es":""},"expression":"(a - b) / c","variables":[{"symbol":"a","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Cost net of the grant","es":""},"value":720000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"b","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Residual value (on the net cost)","es":""},"value":60000,"unit":"EUR"},{"symbol":"c","meaning":{"fr":"","en":"Useful life","es":""},"value":8,"unit":"YEARS"}],"result":82500,"unit":"EUR"}],"rationale":{"fr":"","en":"Under deduction, the item's depreciable base is its cost net of the grant, less the residual value.","es":""},"references":["REF.IAS20.24","REF.IAS20.27"]}},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"},{"key":"QST.IAS20.000079","standard_id":"IAS20","concept_ids":["IAS20.INCOME_APPROACH.NO_EQUITY_CREDIT"],"dimension":"RULE_KNOWLEDGE","context":"V1_QST.IAS20.000079","tested_point":"QST.IAS20.000079","difficulty":"BEGINNER","source":"V1","format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","estimated_time_s":75,"lesson_id":null,"review":{"standard_id":"IAS20","lesson_id":"LS.IAS20.000004","section_id":"rule-equity"},"references":["IAS 20 §13","IAS 20 §12"],"exercise":{"prompt":{"fr":"","en":"During a training session, a participant states that there are two broad approaches to accounting for a government grant. Which description of these approaches, and of the one adopted by IAS 20, is correct?","es":""},"explanation":{"fr":"","en":"IAS 20 describes two broad approaches: the capital approach, under which the grant is recognised outside profit or loss, and the income approach, under which it is recognised in profit or loss over one or more periods (IAS 20, para. 13). The requirement adopted is that of para. 12: the grant is recognised in profit or loss on a systematic basis over the periods in which the entity recognises as expenses the related costs it is intended to compensate (IAS 20, para. 12). Trap: adopting the capital approach, which is described but not applied. Rule to remember: two approaches described, the income approach adopted.","es":""},"common_error":{"fr":"","en":"Taking a grant directly to equity under the capital approach.","es":""},"format":"SINGLE_CHOICE","options":[{"id":"A","text":{"fr":"","en":"The capital approach and the income approach; IAS 20 adopts the capital approach for grants related to assets.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The capital approach is described, but IAS 20 adopts the income approach (IAS 20, paras. 12 and 13).","es":""}},{"id":"B","text":{"fr":"","en":"The historical cost approach and the fair value approach to the grant; IAS 20 leaves the choice to the entity.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"The two approaches described contrast recognition outside and within profit or loss, not two measurement bases (IAS 20, para. 13).","es":""}},{"id":"C","text":{"fr":"","en":"The capital approach, outside profit or loss, and the income approach, over one or more periods; IAS 20 adopts the latter.","es":""},"correct":true},{"id":"D","text":{"fr":"","en":"Only the income approach, the capital approach not being mentioned by IAS 20.","es":""},"correct":false,"feedback":{"fr":"","en":"IAS 20 does mention the capital approach, before adopting the income approach (IAS 20, para. 13).","es":""}}]},"scope":"CORE_STUDENT"}],"reviewTitles":{"LX.IAS20.000001":"IAS 20: purpose, scope and definitions — Understand: what is IAS 20 for?","LX.IAS20.000002":"IAS 20: purpose, scope and definitions — Understand: what is IAS 20 for?","LX.IAS20.000003":"IAS 20: purpose, scope and definitions — The rule: grant, assistance, loan","LX.IAS20.000004":"IAS 20: purpose, scope and definitions — The rule: grant, assistance, loan","LX.IAS20.000005":"IAS 20: purpose, scope and definitions — The rule: grant, assistance, loan","LX.IAS20.000006":"IAS 20: purpose, scope and definitions — Assistance excluded from the scope","LX.IAS20.000007":"IAS 20: purpose, scope and definitions — Assistance excluded from the scope","LX.IAS20.000008":"IAS 20: purpose, scope and definitions — Other forms of government assistance","LX.IAS20.000009":"IAS 20: purpose, scope and definitions — Other forms of government assistance","LX.IAS20.000010":"IAS 20: purpose, scope and definitions — The rule: grant, assistance, loan","LX.IAS20.000011":"Recognising a grant: reasonable assurance — The rule: two cumulative conditions","LX.IAS20.000012":"Recognising a grant: reasonable assurance — The rule: two cumulative conditions","LX.IAS20.000013":"Recognising a grant: reasonable assurance — Simple example: three files of Pelvane","LX.IAS20.000014":"Recognising a grant: reasonable assurance — The rule: two cumulative conditions","LX.IAS20.000015":"Recognising a grant: reasonable assurance — The rule: two cumulative conditions","LX.IAS20.000016":"Recognising a grant: reasonable assurance — Professional judgement: supporting reasonable assurance","LX.IAS20.000017":"Recognising a grant: reasonable assurance — Receiving the cash does not prove compliance","LX.IAS20.000018":"Recognising a grant: reasonable assurance — The form of settlement does not change the treatment","LX.IAS20.000019":"Recognising a grant: reasonable assurance — Receiving the cash does not prove compliance","LX.IAS20.000020":"Government loans: possible forgiveness and below-market rates — The rule: the loan whose forgiveness is assured","LX.IAS20.000021":"Government loans: possible forgiveness and below-market rates — The rule: the loan whose forgiveness is assured","LX.IAS20.000022":"Government loans: possible forgiveness and below-market rates — Numeric example: the Sorvane loan","LX.IAS20.000023":"Government loans: possible forgiveness and below-market rates — The entry at initial recognition","LX.IAS20.000024":"Government loans: possible forgiveness and below-market rates — The rule: the below-market loan","LX.IAS20.000025":"Government loans: possible forgiveness and below-market rates — The rule: the below-market loan","LX.IAS20.000026":"Government loans: possible forgiveness and below-market rates — The rule: the below-market loan","LX.IAS20.000027":"Government loans: possible forgiveness and below-market rates — Professional judgement: market rate and forgiveness","LX.IAS20.000028":"The income approach: matching the grant to the costs it compensates — The rule: a systematic basis tied to the costs","LX.IAS20.000029":"The income approach: matching the grant to the costs it compensates — The rule: a systematic basis tied to the costs","LX.IAS20.000030":"The income approach: matching the grant to the costs it compensates — The rule: a systematic basis tied to the costs","LX.IAS20.000031":"The income approach: matching the grant to the costs it compensates — Numeric example: training at Brindel","LX.IAS20.000032":"The income approach: matching the grant to the costs it compensates — Brindel entries","LX.IAS20.000033":"The income approach: matching the grant to the costs it compensates — Depreciable assets: following depreciation","LX.IAS20.000034":"The income approach: matching the grant to the costs it compensates — Costs already incurred: no period to spread over","LX.IAS20.000035":"The income approach: matching the grant to the costs it compensates — Costs already incurred: no period to spread over","LX.IAS20.000036":"The income approach: matching the grant to the costs it compensates — The rule: a systematic basis tied to the costs","LX.IAS20.000037":"The income approach: matching the grant to the costs it compensates — Why no direct credit to equity?","LX.IAS20.000038":"The income approach: matching the grant to the costs it compensates — Identifying the specific costs compensated","LX.IAS20.000039":"The income approach: matching the grant to the costs it compensates — Professional judgement: choosing and supporting the basis of release","LX.IAS20.000040":"The income approach: matching the grant to the costs it compensates — The rule: a systematic basis tied to the costs","LX.IAS20.000041":"Non-monetary grants: an asset received free of charge — The rule: fair value, or a nominal amount for both","LX.IAS20.000042":"Non-monetary grants: an asset received free of charge — The rule: fair value, or a nominal amount for both","LX.IAS20.000043":"Non-monetary grants: an asset received free of charge — Numeric example: the Tarvel machine","LX.IAS20.000044":"Non-monetary grants: an asset received free of charge — Numeric example: the Tarvel machine","LX.IAS20.000045":"Non-monetary grants: an asset received free of charge — The rule: fair value, or a nominal amount for both","LX.IAS20.000046":"Non-monetary grants: an asset received free of charge — Points of attention","LX.IAS20.000047":"Non-monetary grants: an asset received free of charge — Professional judgement: fair value or nominal amount","LX.IAS20.000048":"Grants related to assets: deferred income or deduction — The rule: two permitted presentations","LX.IAS20.000049":"Grants related to assets: deferred income or deduction — Numeric example: the Delvane machine (deferred income)","LX.IAS20.000050":"Grants related to assets: deferred income or deduction — The entries: deferred income","LX.IAS20.000051":"Grants related to assets: deferred income or deduction — Numeric example: the same machine (deduction)","LX.IAS20.000052":"Grants related to assets: deferred income or deduction — The entries: deduction","LX.IAS20.000053":"Grants related to assets: deferred income or deduction — Numeric example: the same machine (deduction)","LX.IAS20.000054":"Grants related to assets: deferred income or deduction — The rule: two permitted presentations","LX.IAS20.000055":"Grants related to assets: deferred income or deduction — The grant in the statement of cash flows","LX.IAS20.000056":"Grants related to assets: deferred income or deduction — Points of attention","LX.IAS20.000057":"Grants related to assets: deferred income or deduction — Professional judgement: method, disclosure and special cases","LX.IAS20.000058":"Grants related to assets: deferred income or deduction — Non-depreciable assets: a special case","LX.IAS20.000059":"Grants related to assets: deferred income or deduction — Professional judgement: method, disclosure and special cases","LX.IAS20.000060":"Grants related to assets: deferred income or deduction — Points of attention","LX.IAS20.000061":"Grants related to income: where to present them? — The rule: separate income or deduction from the expense","LX.IAS20.000062":"Grants related to income: where to present them? — Numeric example: both presentations at Marvane","LX.IAS20.000063":"Grants related to income: where to present them? — The entries by presentation","LX.IAS20.000064":"Grants related to income: where to present them? — The rule: separate income or deduction from the expense","LX.IAS20.000065":"Grants related to income: where to present them? — Further presentation points","LX.IAS20.000066":"Grants related to income: where to present them? — Points of attention","LX.IAS20.000067":"Grants related to income: where to present them? — Professional judgement: choosing the presentation","LX.IAS20.000068":"Repayment of a grant — The rule: a change in estimate","LX.IAS20.000069":"Repayment of a grant — Repayment under deferred income: the Delvane machine","LX.IAS20.000070":"Repayment of a grant — The repayment entry (deferred income)","LX.IAS20.000071":"Repayment of a grant — Repayment under deduction: the same machine","LX.IAS20.000072":"Repayment of a grant — The repayment entry (deduction)","LX.IAS20.000073":"Repayment of a grant — Repayment of an income grant","LX.IAS20.000074":"Repayment of a grant — Repayment of an income grant","LX.IAS20.000075":"Repayment of a grant — The rule: a change in estimate","LX.IAS20.000076":"Repayment of a grant — Points of attention","LX.IAS20.000077":"Repayment of a grant — After repayment: examining impairment","LX.IAS20.000078":"Repayment of a grant — Professional judgement: when the grant becomes repayable","LX.IAS20.000079":"Other government assistance: when there is no amount — The rule: no estimated amount, but information","LX.IAS20.000080":"Other government assistance: when there is no amount — The rule: no estimated amount, but information","LX.IAS20.000081":"Other government assistance: when there is no amount — The rule: no estimated amount, but information","LX.IAS20.000082":"Other government assistance: when there is no amount — Points of attention","LX.IAS20.000083":"Other government assistance: when there is no amount — Professional judgement: quantifiable or not?","LX.IAS20.000084":"Disclosures on grants and assistance — The rule: accounting policy and presentation methods","LX.IAS20.000085":"Disclosures on grants and assistance — The rule: nature and extent of assistance","LX.IAS20.000086":"Disclosures on grants and assistance — Example: the Ostrel table","LX.IAS20.000087":"Disclosures on grants and assistance — The rule: accounting policy and presentation methods","LX.IAS20.000088":"Disclosures on grants and assistance — Points of attention","LX.IAS20.000089":"Disclosures on grants and assistance — Unfulfilled conditions and other contingencies","LX.IAS20.000090":"Disclosures on grants and assistance — Professional judgement: preparing a relevant note","LX.IAS20.000091":"Transition and effective dates — Effective-date and transition provisions","LX.IAS20.000092":"Transition and effective dates — Several versions of the text: the amendment on government loans","LX.IAS20.000093":"Transition and effective dates — Points of attention","LX.IAS20.000094":"Transition and effective dates — Professional judgement: fixing the applicable version","LX.IAS20.000095":"At the boundaries: IAS 16, IFRS 9 and IAS 23 — IAS 16: deduction reduces the carrying amount and depreciation","LX.IAS20.000096":"At the boundaries: IAS 16, IFRS 9 and IAS 23 — Numeric example: the effect on depreciation","LX.IAS20.000097":"At the boundaries: IAS 16, IFRS 9 and IAS 23 — IAS 16: deduction reduces the carrying amount and depreciation","LX.IAS20.000098":"At the boundaries: IAS 16, IFRS 9 and IAS 23 — IFRS 9: the loan is measured elsewhere, the difference belongs to IAS 20","LX.IAS20.000099":"At the boundaries: IAS 16, IFRS 9 and IAS 23 — IFRS 9: the loan is measured elsewhere, the difference belongs to IAS 20","LX.IAS20.000100":"At the boundaries: IAS 16, IFRS 9 and IAS 23 — IFRS 9: the loan is measured elsewhere, the difference belongs to IAS 20","LX.IAS20.000101":"At the boundaries: IAS 16, IFRS 9 and IAS 23 — IAS 23: the grant reduces the expenditure on which interest is capitalised","LX.IAS20.000102":"At the boundaries: IAS 16, IFRS 9 and IAS 23 — Professional judgement: coordinating the standards","QST.IAS20.000001":"IAS 20: purpose, scope and definitions — Understand: what is IAS 20 for?","QST.IAS20.000002":"IAS 20: purpose, scope and definitions — Assistance excluded from the scope","QST.IAS20.000003":"IAS 20: purpose, scope and definitions — The rule: grant, assistance, loan","QST.IAS20.000004":"IAS 20: purpose, scope and definitions — The rule: grant, assistance, loan","QST.IAS20.000005":"IAS 20: purpose, scope and definitions — Other forms of government assistance","QST.IAS20.000006":"Recognising a grant: reasonable assurance — The rule: two cumulative conditions","QST.IAS20.000008":"Recognising a grant: reasonable assurance — Receiving the cash does not prove compliance","QST.IAS20.000009":"Recognising a grant: reasonable assurance — The form of settlement does not change the treatment","QST.IAS20.000010":"Government loans: possible forgiveness and below-market rates — The rule: the loan whose forgiveness is assured","QST.IAS20.000012":"Government loans: possible forgiveness and below-market rates — The rule: the below-market loan","QST.IAS20.000013":"Government loans: possible forgiveness and below-market rates — The rule: the below-market loan","QST.IAS20.000016":"At the boundaries: IAS 16, IFRS 9 and IAS 23 — IFRS 9: the loan is measured elsewhere, the difference belongs to IAS 20","QST.IAS20.000017":"At the boundaries: IAS 16, IFRS 9 and IAS 23 — IFRS 9: the loan is measured elsewhere, the difference belongs to IAS 20","QST.IAS20.000018":"At the boundaries: IAS 16, IFRS 9 and IAS 23 — IFRS 9: the loan is measured elsewhere, the difference belongs to IAS 20","QST.IAS20.000019":"The income approach: matching the grant to the costs it compensates — The rule: a systematic basis tied to the costs","QST.IAS20.000020":"The income approach: matching the grant to the costs it compensates — The rule: a systematic basis tied to the costs","QST.IAS20.000021":"The income approach: matching the grant to the costs it compensates — The rule: a systematic basis tied to the costs","QST.IAS20.000023":"The income approach: matching the grant to the costs it compensates — The rule: a systematic basis tied to the costs","QST.IAS20.000024":"The income approach: matching the grant to the costs it compensates — The rule: a systematic basis tied to the costs","QST.IAS20.000025":"The income approach: matching the grant to the costs it compensates — The rule: a systematic basis tied to the costs","QST.IAS20.000027":"The income approach: matching the grant to the costs it compensates — Why no direct credit to equity?","QST.IAS20.000028":"The income approach: matching the grant to the costs it compensates — Depreciable assets: following depreciation","QST.IAS20.000030":"The income approach: matching the grant to the costs it compensates — Depreciable assets: following depreciation","QST.IAS20.000031":"The income approach: matching the grant to the costs it compensates — Costs already incurred: no period to spread over","QST.IAS20.000032":"The income approach: matching the grant to the costs it compensates — Costs already incurred: no period to spread over","QST.IAS20.000034":"The income approach: matching the grant to the costs it compensates — Identifying the specific costs compensated","QST.IAS20.000036":"Non-monetary grants: an asset received free of charge — The rule: fair value, or a nominal amount for both","QST.IAS20.000037":"Non-monetary grants: an asset received free of charge — The rule: fair value, or a nominal amount for both","QST.IAS20.000039":"Grants related to assets: deferred income or deduction — The rule: two permitted presentations","QST.IAS20.000040":"Grants related to assets: deferred income or deduction — The rule: two permitted presentations","QST.IAS20.000041":"Grants related to assets: deferred income or deduction — The rule: two permitted presentations","QST.IAS20.000042":"Grants related to assets: deferred income or deduction — The grant in the statement of cash flows","QST.IAS20.000043":"Grants related to assets: deferred income or deduction — The grant in the statement of cash flows","QST.IAS20.000044":"Grants related to assets: deferred income or deduction — The deferred income method","QST.IAS20.000046":"Grants related to assets: deferred income or deduction — The deferred income method","QST.IAS20.000047":"Grants related to assets: deferred income or deduction — The deduction method","QST.IAS20.000048":"Grants related to assets: deferred income or deduction — The deduction method","QST.IAS20.000051":"Grants related to income: where to present them? — The rule: separate income or deduction from the expense","QST.IAS20.000053":"Grants related to income: where to present them? — The rule: separate income or deduction from the expense","QST.IAS20.000054":"Grants related to income: where to present them? — Further presentation points","QST.IAS20.000055":"Repayment of a grant — The rule: a change in estimate","QST.IAS20.000056":"Repayment of a grant — The rule: a change in estimate","QST.IAS20.000058":"Repayment of a grant — Repayment under deferred income: the Delvane machine","QST.IAS20.000059":"Repayment of a grant — Repayment under deferred income: the Delvane machine","QST.IAS20.000061":"Repayment of a grant — Repayment under deferred income: the Delvane machine","QST.IAS20.000062":"Repayment of a grant — Repayment of an income grant","QST.IAS20.000063":"Repayment of a grant — Repayment of an income grant","QST.IAS20.000064":"Repayment of a grant — Repayment of an income grant","QST.IAS20.000065":"Repayment of a grant — After repayment: examining impairment","QST.IAS20.000066":"Repayment of a grant — After repayment: examining impairment","QST.IAS20.000068":"Other government assistance: when there is no amount — The rule: no estimated amount, but information","QST.IAS20.000069":"Disclosures on grants and assistance — The rule: accounting policy and presentation methods","QST.IAS20.000070":"Disclosures on grants and assistance — The rule: nature and extent of assistance","QST.IAS20.000071":"Disclosures on grants and assistance — The rule: nature and extent of assistance","QST.IAS20.000072":"Disclosures on grants and assistance — Unfulfilled conditions and other contingencies","QST.IAS20.000073":"Transition and effective dates — Effective-date and transition provisions","QST.IAS20.000074":"At the boundaries: IAS 16, IFRS 9 and IAS 23 — IAS 23: the grant reduces the expenditure on which interest is capitalised","QST.IAS20.000075":"At the boundaries: IAS 16, IFRS 9 and IAS 23 — IAS 23: the grant reduces the expenditure on which interest is capitalised","QST.IAS20.000077":"At the boundaries: IAS 16, IFRS 9 and IAS 23 — IAS 16: deduction reduces the carrying amount and depreciation","QST.IAS20.000079":"The income approach: matching the grant to the costs it compensates — Why no direct credit to equity?"}}