IAS 12 · Workpapers (Step 4 of 5)
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Version of this content
IAS 12 Income Taxes — wording before IFRS 18Applicable today
Applies to annual periods beginning before January 1, 2027.
Tax note and effective tax rate reconciliation
- Prepared by
- AI-assisted draft
- Reviewed by
- Not reviewed — human review required
- Status
- Published
Objective of the workpaper
Reconcile the tax expense with its components, compute the expected tax at the applicable rate and reconcile it with the reported tax expense (permanent differences, rate differences, unrecognised losses, prior period adjustments), prepare the roll-forward of net deferred tax, assess the offset presentation and the Pillar Two disclosures, then draft the tax note.
13 sections · 41 blocks · 6 calculations · 1 entry
- IAS 12 §5
- IAS 12 §6
- IAS 12 §58
- IAS 12 §77
- IAS 12
- IAS 12 §80
- IAS 12 §81
- IAS 12 §84
- IAS 12 §85
- IAS 12 §71
- IAS 12 §74
- IAS 12 §78
- IAS 12 §4A
- IAS 12 §88A
- IAS 12 §88B
- IAS 12 §88C
- IAS 12 §88D
- IAS 12
- IAS 12 §88
- IAS 12 §82A
- IAS 12
Work this workpaper as a mission
Each case that uses this template opens in the mission workspace: data, analysis, calculation, entries, conclusion and review, with your progress saved.
2 instances from the cases: the calculations and entries below are run by the calculation engine.
- File and entity
- Tax closing of an international group: uncertain tax treatments, Pillar Two, components and reconciliation of tax expense
- Case tasks documented here
- How should the Varnessan Pillar Two tax and the Escalvian rules be treated?
- Calculate the current tax of the year and the total tax expense.
- Calculate the expected tax and the effects of permanent differences.
- Prepare the reconciliation between expected tax and tax expense.
- Prepare the movement schedule of the net deferred tax.
- Write the conclusion and the points of the tax note, and answer the chief financial officer.
Inputs
InputsEntity or group, period, main jurisdictions
TextRequired
ARDELYS_GROUP_CONSOLIDATED_20X6
Accounting profit (profit before tax)
Number
20,000,000
Applicable tax rate retained (%)
Number
25 %
IFRS rule: rate giving the most relevant information (para. 85), basis of calculation disclosed (para. 81). Case data or entity choice: the rate itself.
Tax expense reported (statement presenting profit or loss)
Number
5,170,000
The IFRS 18 presentation amendments (paras. 77, 78, 81) have not been read: presentation is worded neutrally (statement presenting profit or loss).
Current tax expense of the period (excluding Pillar Two)
Number
4,870,000
Current tax expense related to Pillar Two income taxes (amount given by the case)
Number
180,000
Case data: the computation of the top-up tax belongs to the Pillar Two legislation, outside IAS 12; only its separate disclosure is taught (para. 88B).
Adjustments of current tax of prior periods (charges)
Number
Adjustments of current tax of prior periods (credits)
Number
150,000
Deferred tax expense in profit or loss (“Deferred tax measurement and allocation”)
Number
270,000
Deferred tax income in profit or loss (“Deferred tax measurement and allocation”)
Number
Reconciling items in tax amounts (sign + if they increase the expense)
Table
NON_DEDUCTIBLE_EXPENSES · PERMANENT · 300,000 | EXEMPT_INCOME · PERMANENT · -200,000 | FOREIGN_RATE_DIFFERENTIALS · RATE · -750,000 | UNRECOGNISED_LOSSES · DTA_NOT_RECOGNISED · 220,000 | UNCERTAIN_TAX_POSITIONS · CURRENT_TAX · 570,000 | PRIOR_PERIODS · PRIOR_PERIOD_ADJUSTMENT · -150,000 | PILLAR_TWO_TOP_UP_TAX · PILLAR_TWO · 180,000
Input convention: each row in tax amount, signed (+ increases the expense, − decreases it); the sum explains the difference between expected tax and reported expense. The average effective rate is not computed automatically (no ratio engine).
Movements in net deferred tax (net liability: +; origin profit or loss, other comprehensive income, equity, business combinations, exchange)
Table
PROFIT_OR_LOSS · 270,000 | OCI · 90,000 | EQUITY · -40,000
Input convention: net liability positive; an increase in the net liability is positive, an increase in the net asset negative. The movements by origin feed the note.
Deductible differences, losses and credits not recognised (amounts, expiry dates); differences relating to investments with no liability
Text
Pillar Two status: legislation enacted, in effect or not, jurisdictions concerned, progress of the assessment
Text
VARNESSA_IN_EFFECT_ESCALVIA_ENACTED_FROM_20X7
Unresolved tax disputes and uncertain positions (“Uncertain tax treatments (IFRIC 23)”)
Text
Supporting evidence
EvidenceEvidence obtained and referenced (category, document reference)
EvidenceRequired
Components of tax expense
AnalysisIAS 12 §5IAS 12 §6IAS 12 §58IAS 12 §77IAS 12IAS 12 §80
Points examined
ChecklistRequired
- Tax expense = current tax + deferred tax
- Major components disclosed separately
- Possible components: current, prior adjustments, origination and reversal of differences, rate changes, benefits previously unrecognised, write-down of deferred tax assets, policies and errors
- Tax expense on ordinary activities presented in profit or loss (wording before IFRS 18)
- Tax on items recognised outside profit or loss excluded from the expense in profit or loss
Effective tax rate reconciliation
AnalysisIAS 12 §81IAS 12 §84IAS 12 §85
Points examined
ChecklistRequired
- Numerical reconciliation: tax expense and accounting profit × applicable rate (or average effective rate and applicable rate)
- Basis of calculation of the applicable rate disclosed
- Applicable rate giving the most relevant information (often the domestic rate, comparable local taxes aggregated)
- Changes in the applicable rate compared with the previous period explained
- Factors making the relationship unusual identified (exempt income, non-deductible expenses, tax losses)
Offset presentation
AnalysisIAS 12 §71IAS 12 §74IAS 12 §78
Points examined
ChecklistRequired
- Current tax offset only with an enforceable right and intention to settle net or simultaneously
- Deferred tax offset under the offsetting conditions (“Group deferred tax”)
- Exchange differences on foreign deferred tax: may be classified as deferred tax expense if more useful (wording before IFRS 18)
Pillar Two
AnalysisIAS 12 §4AIAS 12 §88AIAS 12 §88BIAS 12 §88CIAS 12 §88D
Points examined
ChecklistRequired
- No deferred tax relating to Pillar Two income taxes, and no disclosure about them
- Application of the exception disclosed
- Pillar Two current tax disclosed separately
- Legislation enacted but not yet in effect: known or reasonably estimable exposure
- Qualitative and quantitative information (range possible) or progress of the assessment
Expected tax, components and movements
CalculationsIAS 12 §6IAS 12IAS 12 §81
Expected tax (accounting profit × applicable rate)
Calculation
5,000,000
Accounting profit (profit before tax) ; Applicable tax rate retained (%)
Tax expense rebuilt from its components
CalculationRequired
5,170,000
Current tax expense of the period (excluding Pillar Two) ; Current tax expense related to Pillar Two income taxes (amount given by the case) ; Adjustments of current tax of prior periods (charges) ; − Adjustments of current tax of prior periods (credits) ; Deferred tax expense in profit or loss (“Deferred tax measurement and allocation”) ; − Deferred tax income in profit or loss (“Deferred tax measurement and allocation”)
Tax expense resulting from the reconciliation
CalculationRequired
5,170,000
Expected tax (accounting profit × applicable rate) ; Reconciling items in tax amounts (sign + if they increase the expense) ; Tax expense reported (statement presenting profit or loss)
Unexplained difference of the reconciliation (must be nil)
Calculation
0
Expected tax (accounting profit × applicable rate) ; Reconciling items in tax amounts (sign + if they increase the expense) ; Tax expense reported (statement presenting profit or loss)
Net deferred tax at the beginning of the period (net liability: +, net asset: −)
Number
1,400,000
Net deferred tax at the end of the period per the ledger (net liability: +, net asset: −)
Number
1,720,000
Net deferred tax at the end of the period recalculated
CalculationRequired
1,720,000
Net deferred tax at the beginning of the period (net liability: +, net asset: −) ; Movements in net deferred tax (net liability: +; origin profit or loss, other comprehensive income, equity, business combinations, exchange) ; Net deferred tax at the end of the period per the ledger (net liability: +, net asset: −)
Difference of the roll-forward (must be nil)
Calculation
0
Net deferred tax at the beginning of the period (net liability: +, net asset: −) ; Movements in net deferred tax (net liability: +; origin profit or loss, other comprehensive income, equity, business combinations, exchange) ; Net deferred tax at the end of the period per the ledger (net liability: +, net asset: −)
Entries
EntriesPillar Two top-up tax: current tax of the period
Entry
Account Debit Credit Current tax expense (Pillar Two) 180,000 Current tax liability 180,000 Case data: amount of the top-up tax, computed under the Pillar Two legislation (computation outside IAS 12). Teaching assumption: current tax of the period recognised as an expense, with no instalment.
Presentation choices and Pillar Two exposure
JudgmentIAS 12 §81IAS 12IAS 12 §84IAS 12 §85IAS 12 §88IAS 12 §88CIAS 12 §88D
Basis of the applicable rate
JudgmentRequired
Single rate retained by the entity
Single rate retained by the entity / Rate combined from the rates of the jurisdictions
Professional judgement: rate most relevant to users (para. 85), basis of calculation disclosed in the note (para. 81); this model prescribes no choice.
Rationale: facts relied on, analysis, alternative rejected
TextRequired
PARENT_DOMESTIC_RATE_MOST_MEANINGFUL
Form of the reconciliation
JudgmentRequired
In amounts (tax expense and expected tax)
In amounts (tax expense and expected tax) / In rates (average effective rate and applicable rate)
Rationale: facts relied on, analysis, alternative rejected
TextRequired
NUMERICAL_RECONCILIATION_IN_AMOUNTS
Pillar Two situation to be disclosed
JudgmentRequired
Legislation in effect: current tax disclosed separately
Not affected / Legislation in effect: current tax disclosed separately / Enacted, not yet in effect: exposure disclosed / Exposure not reasonably estimable: statement and progress
Professional judgement: status of the legislation in each jurisdiction (case data) and whether the exposure is reasonably estimable (paras. 88C, 88D).
Rationale: facts relied on, analysis, alternative rejected
TextRequired
VARNESSA_TOP_UP_TAX_IN_EFFECT_FOR_20X6
Conclusion
ConclusionTax note finalised, differences explained and points submitted to the reviewer
ConclusionRequired
Financial statement impact
FS impactImpact by caption, derived from the entries above (the Notes line refers to the disclosures)
Table
Tax note
DisclosureIAS 12IAS 12 §81IAS 12IAS 12 §82AIAS 12IAS 12 §88IAS 12 §88AIAS 12 §88BIAS 12 §88CIAS 12 §88D
Information prepared
ChecklistRequired
- Major components of tax expense
- Tax relating to each component of other comprehensive income
- Numerical reconciliation and basis of the applicable rate
- Explanation of changes in the applicable rate
- Deductible differences, losses and credits not recognised
- Differences relating to investments with no liability recognised (aggregate amount)
- Deferred tax by type of difference (statement of financial position and profit or loss)
- Tax consequences of dividends proposed or declared, not recognised
- Rate depending on distribution: nature and determinable amounts of the potential tax consequences
- Asset depending on future profits or entity with a loss: amount and evidence
- Tax contingencies (unresolved disputes) under IAS 37
Pillar Two disclosures
Checklist
- Exception applied
- Pillar Two current tax
- Exposure before the legislation is in effect
Draft tax note (own wording)
TextRequired
COMPONENTS_RECONCILIATION_PILLAR_TWO_UNRECOGNISED_LOSSES_CONTINGENCIES
Normative references
ReferencesParagraphs cited in this workpaper (verification status shown from the register)
References
Checks and financial statement impact
- The basis of the applicable rate is documentedPass
- The form of the reconciliation is documentedPass
- The Pillar Two situation is documentedPass
- The draft note is writtenPass
- The reconciliation ends at the reported expensePass
- The components rebuild the reported expensePass
- The roll-forward agrees with the ledgerPass
- The top-up tax entry balancesPass
- Assets
- 0
- Liabilities
- 180,000
- Profit or loss
- -180,000
- OCI
- 0
- Equity
- -180,000
- File and entity
- Professional file: IFRS tax closing of an international industrial group
- Case tasks documented here
- Conclude on the uncertain treatments and on Pillar Two.
- Determine tax expense, its reconciliation and the deferred tax movement schedule.
- Write the conclusion of the file and answer the chief financial officer.
Inputs
InputsEntity or group, period, main jurisdictions
TextRequired
VALDRISE_GROUP_CONSOLIDATED_20X7
Accounting profit (profit before tax)
Number
9,200,000
Applicable tax rate retained (%)
Number
25 %
IFRS rule: rate giving the most relevant information (para. 85), basis of calculation disclosed (para. 81). Case data or entity choice: the rate itself.
Tax expense reported (statement presenting profit or loss)
Number
3,090,000
The IFRS 18 presentation amendments (paras. 77, 78, 81) have not been read: presentation is worded neutrally (statement presenting profit or loss).
Current tax expense of the period (excluding Pillar Two)
Number
2,844,000
Current tax expense related to Pillar Two income taxes (amount given by the case)
Number
140,000
Case data: the computation of the top-up tax belongs to the Pillar Two legislation, outside IAS 12; only its separate disclosure is taught (para. 88B).
Adjustments of current tax of prior periods (charges)
Number
Adjustments of current tax of prior periods (credits)
Number
Deferred tax expense in profit or loss (“Deferred tax measurement and allocation”)
Number
106,000
Deferred tax income in profit or loss (“Deferred tax measurement and allocation”)
Number
Reconciling items in tax amounts (sign + if they increase the expense)
Table
NON_DEDUCTIBLE_FINES · PERMANENT · 50,000 | EXEMPT_DIVIDENDS · PERMANENT · -125,000 | RATE_CHANGE_EFFECTS · RATE_CHANGE · -39,000 | FOREIGN_RATE_DIFFERENTIALS · RATE_DIFFERENTIAL · 14,000 | LOSSES_OF_THE_YEAR_NOT_RECOGNISED · DTA_NOT_RECOGNISED · 100,000 | DTA_WRITE_DOWN · REASSESSMENT · 100,000 | TAX_ON_PLANNED_DISTRIBUTION · INVESTMENTS · 20,000 | PILLAR_TWO_TOP_UP_TAX · PILLAR_TWO · 140,000 | UNCERTAIN_TAX_POSITIONS · CURRENT_TAX · 530,000
Input convention: each row in tax amount, signed (+ increases the expense, − decreases it); the sum explains the difference between expected tax and reported expense. The average effective rate is not computed automatically (no ratio engine).
Movements in net deferred tax (net liability: +; origin profit or loss, other comprehensive income, equity, business combinations, exchange)
Table
PROFIT_OR_LOSS · 106,000 | OCI · 150,000 | EQUITY · -22,000 | BUSINESS_COMBINATIONS · 600,000
Input convention: net liability positive; an increase in the net liability is positive, an increase in the net asset negative. The movements by origin feed the note.
Deductible differences, losses and credits not recognised (amounts, expiry dates); differences relating to investments with no liability
Text
CORVANNE_LOSSES_AND_INVESTMENT_DIFFERENCES
Pillar Two status: legislation enacted, in effect or not, jurisdictions concerned, progress of the assessment
Text
VESCARIA_IN_EFFECT_LUSTRANIA_ENACTED_FROM_20X9
Unresolved tax disputes and uncertain positions (“Uncertain tax treatments (IFRIC 23)”)
Text
Supporting evidence
EvidenceEvidence obtained and referenced (category, document reference)
EvidenceRequired
Components of tax expense
AnalysisIAS 12 §5IAS 12 §6IAS 12 §58IAS 12 §77IAS 12IAS 12 §80
Points examined
ChecklistRequired
- Tax expense = current tax + deferred tax
- Major components disclosed separately
- Possible components: current, prior adjustments, origination and reversal of differences, rate changes, benefits previously unrecognised, write-down of deferred tax assets, policies and errors
- Tax expense on ordinary activities presented in profit or loss (wording before IFRS 18)
- Tax on items recognised outside profit or loss excluded from the expense in profit or loss
Effective tax rate reconciliation
AnalysisIAS 12 §81IAS 12 §84IAS 12 §85
Points examined
ChecklistRequired
- Numerical reconciliation: tax expense and accounting profit × applicable rate (or average effective rate and applicable rate)
- Basis of calculation of the applicable rate disclosed
- Applicable rate giving the most relevant information (often the domestic rate, comparable local taxes aggregated)
- Changes in the applicable rate compared with the previous period explained
- Factors making the relationship unusual identified (exempt income, non-deductible expenses, tax losses)
Offset presentation
AnalysisIAS 12 §71IAS 12 §74IAS 12 §78
Points examined
ChecklistRequired
- Current tax offset only with an enforceable right and intention to settle net or simultaneously
- Deferred tax offset under the offsetting conditions (“Group deferred tax”)
- Exchange differences on foreign deferred tax: may be classified as deferred tax expense if more useful (wording before IFRS 18)
Pillar Two
AnalysisIAS 12 §4AIAS 12 §88AIAS 12 §88BIAS 12 §88CIAS 12 §88D
Points examined
ChecklistRequired
- No deferred tax relating to Pillar Two income taxes, and no disclosure about them
- Application of the exception disclosed
- Pillar Two current tax disclosed separately
- Legislation enacted but not yet in effect: known or reasonably estimable exposure
- Qualitative and quantitative information (range possible) or progress of the assessment
Expected tax, components and movements
CalculationsIAS 12 §6IAS 12IAS 12 §81
Expected tax (accounting profit × applicable rate)
Calculation
2,300,000
Accounting profit (profit before tax) ; Applicable tax rate retained (%)
Tax expense rebuilt from its components
CalculationRequired
3,090,000
Current tax expense of the period (excluding Pillar Two) ; Current tax expense related to Pillar Two income taxes (amount given by the case) ; Adjustments of current tax of prior periods (charges) ; − Adjustments of current tax of prior periods (credits) ; Deferred tax expense in profit or loss (“Deferred tax measurement and allocation”) ; − Deferred tax income in profit or loss (“Deferred tax measurement and allocation”)
Tax expense resulting from the reconciliation
CalculationRequired
3,090,000
Expected tax (accounting profit × applicable rate) ; Reconciling items in tax amounts (sign + if they increase the expense) ; Tax expense reported (statement presenting profit or loss)
Unexplained difference of the reconciliation (must be nil)
Calculation
0
Expected tax (accounting profit × applicable rate) ; Reconciling items in tax amounts (sign + if they increase the expense) ; Tax expense reported (statement presenting profit or loss)
Net deferred tax at the beginning of the period (net liability: +, net asset: −)
Number
-40,000
Net deferred tax at the end of the period per the ledger (net liability: +, net asset: −)
Number
794,000
Net deferred tax at the end of the period recalculated
CalculationRequired
794,000
Net deferred tax at the beginning of the period (net liability: +, net asset: −) ; Movements in net deferred tax (net liability: +; origin profit or loss, other comprehensive income, equity, business combinations, exchange) ; Net deferred tax at the end of the period per the ledger (net liability: +, net asset: −)
Difference of the roll-forward (must be nil)
Calculation
0
Net deferred tax at the beginning of the period (net liability: +, net asset: −) ; Movements in net deferred tax (net liability: +; origin profit or loss, other comprehensive income, equity, business combinations, exchange) ; Net deferred tax at the end of the period per the ledger (net liability: +, net asset: −)
Entries
EntriesPillar Two top-up tax: current tax of the period
Entry
Account Debit Credit Current tax expense (Pillar Two) 140,000 Current tax liability 140,000 Case data: amount of the top-up tax, computed under the Pillar Two legislation (computation outside IAS 12). Teaching assumption: current tax of the period recognised as an expense, with no instalment.
Presentation choices and Pillar Two exposure
JudgmentIAS 12 §81IAS 12IAS 12 §84IAS 12 §85IAS 12 §88IAS 12 §88CIAS 12 §88D
Basis of the applicable rate
JudgmentRequired
Single rate retained by the entity
Single rate retained by the entity / Rate combined from the rates of the jurisdictions
Professional judgement: rate most relevant to users (para. 85), basis of calculation disclosed in the note (para. 81); this model prescribes no choice.
Rationale: facts relied on, analysis, alternative rejected
TextRequired
PARENT_DOMESTIC_RATE
Form of the reconciliation
JudgmentRequired
In amounts (tax expense and expected tax)
In amounts (tax expense and expected tax) / In rates (average effective rate and applicable rate)
Rationale: facts relied on, analysis, alternative rejected
TextRequired
NUMERICAL_RECONCILIATION_IN_AMOUNTS
Pillar Two situation to be disclosed
JudgmentRequired
Legislation in effect: current tax disclosed separately
Not affected / Legislation in effect: current tax disclosed separately / Enacted, not yet in effect: exposure disclosed / Exposure not reasonably estimable: statement and progress
Professional judgement: status of the legislation in each jurisdiction (case data) and whether the exposure is reasonably estimable (paras. 88C, 88D).
Rationale: facts relied on, analysis, alternative rejected
TextRequired
VESCARIAN_TOP_UP_TAX_IN_EFFECT
Conclusion
ConclusionTax note finalised, differences explained and points submitted to the reviewer
ConclusionRequired
Financial statement impact
FS impactImpact by caption, derived from the entries above (the Notes line refers to the disclosures)
Table
Tax note
DisclosureIAS 12IAS 12 §81IAS 12IAS 12 §82AIAS 12IAS 12 §88IAS 12 §88AIAS 12 §88BIAS 12 §88CIAS 12 §88D
Information prepared
ChecklistRequired
- Major components of tax expense
- Tax relating to each component of other comprehensive income
- Numerical reconciliation and basis of the applicable rate
- Explanation of changes in the applicable rate
- Deductible differences, losses and credits not recognised
- Differences relating to investments with no liability recognised (aggregate amount)
- Deferred tax by type of difference (statement of financial position and profit or loss)
- Tax consequences of dividends proposed or declared, not recognised
- Rate depending on distribution: nature and determinable amounts of the potential tax consequences
- Asset depending on future profits or entity with a loss: amount and evidence
- Tax contingencies (unresolved disputes) under IAS 37
Pillar Two disclosures
Checklist
- Exception applied
- Pillar Two current tax
- Exposure before the legislation is in effect
Draft tax note (own wording)
TextRequired
COMPONENTS_RECONCILIATION_BALANCES_UNRECOGNISED_PILLAR_TWO_CONTINGENCIES
Normative references
ReferencesParagraphs cited in this workpaper (verification status shown from the register)
References
Checks and financial statement impact
- The basis of the applicable rate is documentedPass
- The form of the reconciliation is documentedPass
- The Pillar Two situation is documentedPass
- The draft note is writtenPass
- The reconciliation ends at the reported expensePass
- The components rebuild the reported expensePass
- The roll-forward agrees with the ledgerPass
- The top-up tax entry balancesPass
- Assets
- 0
- Liabilities
- 140,000
- Profit or loss
- -140,000
- OCI
- 0
- Equity
- -140,000
Inputs
InputsEntity or group, period, main jurisdictions
TextRequired
Accounting profit (profit before tax)
Number
Applicable tax rate retained (%)
Number
IFRS rule: rate giving the most relevant information (para. 85), basis of calculation disclosed (para. 81). Case data or entity choice: the rate itself.
Tax expense reported (statement presenting profit or loss)
Number
The IFRS 18 presentation amendments (paras. 77, 78, 81) have not been read: presentation is worded neutrally (statement presenting profit or loss).
Current tax expense of the period (excluding Pillar Two)
Number
Current tax expense related to Pillar Two income taxes (amount given by the case)
Number
Case data: the computation of the top-up tax belongs to the Pillar Two legislation, outside IAS 12; only its separate disclosure is taught (para. 88B).
Adjustments of current tax of prior periods (charges)
Number
Adjustments of current tax of prior periods (credits)
Number
Deferred tax expense in profit or loss (“Deferred tax measurement and allocation”)
Number
Deferred tax income in profit or loss (“Deferred tax measurement and allocation”)
Number
Reconciling items in tax amounts (sign + if they increase the expense)
Table
Input convention: each row in tax amount, signed (+ increases the expense, − decreases it); the sum explains the difference between expected tax and reported expense. The average effective rate is not computed automatically (no ratio engine).
Movements in net deferred tax (net liability: +; origin profit or loss, other comprehensive income, equity, business combinations, exchange)
Table
Input convention: net liability positive; an increase in the net liability is positive, an increase in the net asset negative. The movements by origin feed the note.
Deductible differences, losses and credits not recognised (amounts, expiry dates); differences relating to investments with no liability
Text
Pillar Two status: legislation enacted, in effect or not, jurisdictions concerned, progress of the assessment
Text
Unresolved tax disputes and uncertain positions (“Uncertain tax treatments (IFRIC 23)”)
Text
Supporting evidence
EvidenceEvidence obtained and referenced (category, document reference)
EvidenceRequired
Components of tax expense
AnalysisIAS 12 §5IAS 12 §6IAS 12 §58IAS 12 §77IAS 12IAS 12 §80
Points examined
ChecklistRequired
- Tax expense = current tax + deferred tax
- Major components disclosed separately
- Possible components: current, prior adjustments, origination and reversal of differences, rate changes, benefits previously unrecognised, write-down of deferred tax assets, policies and errors
- Tax expense on ordinary activities presented in profit or loss (wording before IFRS 18)
- Tax on items recognised outside profit or loss excluded from the expense in profit or loss
Effective tax rate reconciliation
AnalysisIAS 12 §81IAS 12 §84IAS 12 §85
Points examined
ChecklistRequired
- Numerical reconciliation: tax expense and accounting profit × applicable rate (or average effective rate and applicable rate)
- Basis of calculation of the applicable rate disclosed
- Applicable rate giving the most relevant information (often the domestic rate, comparable local taxes aggregated)
- Changes in the applicable rate compared with the previous period explained
- Factors making the relationship unusual identified (exempt income, non-deductible expenses, tax losses)
Offset presentation
AnalysisIAS 12 §71IAS 12 §74IAS 12 §78
Points examined
ChecklistRequired
- Current tax offset only with an enforceable right and intention to settle net or simultaneously
- Deferred tax offset under the offsetting conditions (“Group deferred tax”)
- Exchange differences on foreign deferred tax: may be classified as deferred tax expense if more useful (wording before IFRS 18)
Pillar Two
AnalysisIAS 12 §4AIAS 12 §88AIAS 12 §88BIAS 12 §88CIAS 12 §88D
Points examined
ChecklistRequired
- No deferred tax relating to Pillar Two income taxes, and no disclosure about them
- Application of the exception disclosed
- Pillar Two current tax disclosed separately
- Legislation enacted but not yet in effect: known or reasonably estimable exposure
- Qualitative and quantitative information (range possible) or progress of the assessment
Expected tax, components and movements
CalculationsIAS 12 §6IAS 12IAS 12 §81
Expected tax (accounting profit × applicable rate)
Calculation
Accounting profit (profit before tax) ; Applicable tax rate retained (%)
Tax expense rebuilt from its components
CalculationRequired
Current tax expense of the period (excluding Pillar Two) ; Current tax expense related to Pillar Two income taxes (amount given by the case) ; Adjustments of current tax of prior periods (charges) ; − Adjustments of current tax of prior periods (credits) ; Deferred tax expense in profit or loss (“Deferred tax measurement and allocation”) ; − Deferred tax income in profit or loss (“Deferred tax measurement and allocation”)
Tax expense resulting from the reconciliation
CalculationRequired
Expected tax (accounting profit × applicable rate) ; Reconciling items in tax amounts (sign + if they increase the expense) ; Tax expense reported (statement presenting profit or loss)
Unexplained difference of the reconciliation (must be nil)
Calculation
Expected tax (accounting profit × applicable rate) ; Reconciling items in tax amounts (sign + if they increase the expense) ; Tax expense reported (statement presenting profit or loss)
Net deferred tax at the beginning of the period (net liability: +, net asset: −)
Number
Net deferred tax at the end of the period per the ledger (net liability: +, net asset: −)
Number
Net deferred tax at the end of the period recalculated
CalculationRequired
Net deferred tax at the beginning of the period (net liability: +, net asset: −) ; Movements in net deferred tax (net liability: +; origin profit or loss, other comprehensive income, equity, business combinations, exchange) ; Net deferred tax at the end of the period per the ledger (net liability: +, net asset: −)
Difference of the roll-forward (must be nil)
Calculation
Net deferred tax at the beginning of the period (net liability: +, net asset: −) ; Movements in net deferred tax (net liability: +; origin profit or loss, other comprehensive income, equity, business combinations, exchange) ; Net deferred tax at the end of the period per the ledger (net liability: +, net asset: −)
Entries
EntriesPillar Two top-up tax: current tax of the period
Entry
Debit Current tax expense (Pillar Two) ← Current tax expense related to Pillar Two income taxes (amount given by the case) ; Credit Current tax liability ← Current tax expense related to Pillar Two income taxes (amount given by the case)
Case data: amount of the top-up tax, computed under the Pillar Two legislation (computation outside IAS 12). Teaching assumption: current tax of the period recognised as an expense, with no instalment.
Presentation choices and Pillar Two exposure
JudgmentIAS 12 §81IAS 12IAS 12 §84IAS 12 §85IAS 12 §88IAS 12 §88CIAS 12 §88D
Basis of the applicable rate
JudgmentRequired
Single rate retained by the entity / Rate combined from the rates of the jurisdictions
Professional judgement: rate most relevant to users (para. 85), basis of calculation disclosed in the note (para. 81); this model prescribes no choice.
Rationale: facts relied on, analysis, alternative rejected
TextRequired
Form of the reconciliation
JudgmentRequired
In amounts (tax expense and expected tax) / In rates (average effective rate and applicable rate)
Rationale: facts relied on, analysis, alternative rejected
TextRequired
Pillar Two situation to be disclosed
JudgmentRequired
Not affected / Legislation in effect: current tax disclosed separately / Enacted, not yet in effect: exposure disclosed / Exposure not reasonably estimable: statement and progress
Professional judgement: status of the legislation in each jurisdiction (case data) and whether the exposure is reasonably estimable (paras. 88C, 88D).
Rationale: facts relied on, analysis, alternative rejected
TextRequired
Conclusion
ConclusionTax note finalised, differences explained and points submitted to the reviewer
ConclusionRequired
Financial statement impact
FS impactImpact by caption, derived from the entries above (the Notes line refers to the disclosures)
Table
Tax note
DisclosureIAS 12IAS 12 §81IAS 12IAS 12 §82AIAS 12IAS 12 §88IAS 12 §88AIAS 12 §88BIAS 12 §88CIAS 12 §88D
Information prepared
ChecklistRequired
- Major components of tax expense
- Tax relating to each component of other comprehensive income
- Numerical reconciliation and basis of the applicable rate
- Explanation of changes in the applicable rate
- Deductible differences, losses and credits not recognised
- Differences relating to investments with no liability recognised (aggregate amount)
- Deferred tax by type of difference (statement of financial position and profit or loss)
- Tax consequences of dividends proposed or declared, not recognised
- Rate depending on distribution: nature and determinable amounts of the potential tax consequences
- Asset depending on future profits or entity with a loss: amount and evidence
- Tax contingencies (unresolved disputes) under IAS 37
Pillar Two disclosures
Checklist
- Exception applied
- Pillar Two current tax
- Exposure before the legislation is in effect
Draft tax note (own wording)
TextRequired
Normative references
ReferencesParagraphs cited in this workpaper (verification status shown from the register)
References