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WorkpaperIAS 12 — Income TaxesL2 · L3 · L4

Deferred tax measurement and allocation

5 missions14 sections to document55 min
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Status
Published

Objective of the workpaper

Measure deferred tax at the rate expected on reversal and according to the expected manner of recovery, measure the effect of a change in tax rate and allocate it to profit or loss or to other comprehensive income according to the origin of the differences, recognise the deferred tax on a revaluation, the tax consequences of dividends and the effect of a change in tax status, then reconcile the deferred tax expense in profit or loss with the change in balances.

14 sections · 67 blocks · 20 calculations · 9 entries

  • IAS 12 §47
  • IAS 12 §48
  • IAS 12
  • IAS 12 §53
  • IAS 12 §51
  • IAS 12 §51A
  • IAS 12 §51B
  • IAS 12 §51C
  • IAS 12 §20
  • IAS 12 §23
  • IAS 12 §57
  • IAS 12 §58
  • IAS 12 §60
  • IAS 12 §61A
  • IAS 12 §62
  • IAS 12 §62A
  • IAS 12 §63
  • IAS 12
  • IAS 12 §52A
  • IAS 12 §57A
  • IAS 12 §65A
  • IAS 12 §81
  • IAS 12 §82A
  • IAS 12 §87A
  • IAS 12 §87B

Work this workpaper as a mission

Each case that uses this template opens in the mission workspace: data, analysis, calculation, entries, conclusion and review, with your progress saved.

5 instances from the cases: the calculations and entries below are run by the calculation engine.

File and entity
Rate change, revaluation, investment property, dividends and loss of a tax status: measuring and allocating tax
Case tasks documented here
  • Which rates should be used at 31 December 20X4 for deferred tax? Is the capital gains plan taken into account?
  • Calculate the effect of the rate change on the differences measured at the standard rate.
  • Split this effect between profit or loss and other comprehensive income.
  • Calculate the deferred tax on the revalued land and the revaluation surplus net of tax.
  • On which manner of recovery is the deferred tax on the warehouse measured?
  • Calculate the deferred tax on the warehouse and the adjustment to the recorded liability.
  • Calculate the withholding tax and the net dividend payable to shareholders.
  • Analyse the loss of the free-zone status: amount and allocation of the effect.
  • Record the entries at 31 December 20X4.
1

Inputs

Inputs
  • Taxable entity, differences concerned, origin (profit or loss, other comprehensive income, equity) and event of the period

    TextRequired

    STANDARD_RATE_CHANGE_DIVIDEND_AND_FREE_ZONE_STATUS

  • Rate used until now for deferred tax (%)

    Number

    30 %

  • Rate expected on reversal, enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date (%)

    Number

    25 %

    IFRS rule: rate expected on reversal, enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date (para. 47). Case data: the rate. If the rate does not change, enter the same rate as at the beginning.

  • Existing taxable differences at the date of the rate change (base)

    Number

    1,800,000

  • Split of the existing differences by origin (key: PROFIT_OR_LOSS or OCI)

    Table

    PROFIT_OR_LOSS · 1,200,000 | OCI · 600,000

    Input convention: one PROFIT_OR_LOSS row and one OCI row, amounts of the existing differences by origin; their sum equals the existing differences.

  • Row of the split isolated by the calculation

    Choice

    Other comprehensive income

    Other comprehensive income / Profit or loss

    Input convention: choose OCI; the calculation isolates the other comprehensive income portion, the remainder goes to profit or loss.

  • Increase from a revaluation recognised in other comprehensive income, without tax adjustment

    Number

  • Deferred tax liabilities at the beginning of the period

    Number

  • Deferred tax assets at the beginning of the period

    Number

  • Deferred tax liabilities at the end of the period

    Number

  • Deferred tax assets at the end of the period

    Number

  • Net increase in deferred tax liability recognised outside profit or loss (other comprehensive income, equity, business combination)

    Number

  • Net decrease in deferred tax liability recognised outside profit or loss

    Number

2

Supporting evidence

Evidence
  • Evidence obtained and referenced (category, document reference)

    EvidenceRequired

3

Deferred tax measurement rate

Analysis

IAS 12 §47IAS 12 §48IAS 12IAS 12 §53

  • Points examined

    ChecklistRequired

    • Rate expected in the period of realisation or settlement, enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date
    • Announcement having the effect of actual enactment: announced rate used
    • Graduated rates: average rate expected over the reversal periods
    • No discounting of deferred tax assets and liabilities
4

Expected manner of recovery

Analysis

IAS 12 §51IAS 12 §51AIAS 12 §51BIAS 12 §51C

  • Difference relating to the portion recovered through use (base for use)

    Number

  • Rate applicable to use (%)

    Number

  • Difference relating to the portion recovered through sale (base for sale)

    Number

  • Rate applicable to sale (%)

    Number

  • Points examined

    Checklist

    • Tax consequences of the manner expected, at the reporting date, to recover or settle the carrying amount
    • Rate and tax base consistent with the manner of use or sale
    • Revalued non-depreciable asset (IAS 16): consequences of recovery through sale
    • Investment property at fair value (IAS 40): rebuttable presumption of recovery through sale
    • Presumption rebutted: depreciable property held to consume substantially all its benefits over time
5

Allocation: profit or loss, other comprehensive income, equity

Analysis

IAS 12 §20IAS 12 §23IAS 12 §57IAS 12 §58IAS 12 §60IAS 12 §61AIAS 12 §62IAS 12 §62AIAS 12 §63IAS 12

  • Points examined

    ChecklistRequired

    • Tax effects recognised consistently with the transaction or event itself
    • Change without a change in the differences (rate, recoverability, manner of recovery): in profit or loss, except the portion relating to items previously outside profit or loss
    • Tax in profit or loss, except for a transaction recognised outside profit or loss or a business combination
    • Tax relating to an item outside profit or loss, in the same or a different period: same allocation as the item
    • Revaluation of property, plant and equipment: item of other comprehensive income
    • Items directly in equity: retrospective opening adjustment, equity component of a compound instrument
    • Portion outside profit or loss difficult to determine (rate change on items previously outside profit or loss)
    • Tax revaluation linked to an accounting revaluation: tax effect in other comprehensive income
6

Dividends

Analysis

IAS 12 §52AIAS 12 §57AIAS 12 §65A

  • Dividend recognised as a liability (gross amount)

    Number

    2,000,000

  • Difference between the rate on distributed profits and the rate on undistributed profits (%)

    Number

  • Rate of withholding tax on behalf of the shareholders (%)

    Number

    10 %

  • Points examined

    Checklist

    • Rate depending on distribution: current and deferred tax measured at the rate on undistributed profits
    • Tax consequences recognised when the dividend payable is recognised
    • Allocation according to where the transactions that generated the distributed profits were recognised
    • Withholding paid on behalf of the shareholders: charged to equity as part of the dividend
7

Change in tax status

Analysis

SIC 25 §1SIC 25 §2SIC 25 §4

  • Net deferred tax liability measured under the new status

    Number

    100,000

  • Net deferred tax liability measured under the old status

    Number

    40,000

  • Points examined

    Checklist

    • Change in the status of the entity or its shareholders (listing, restructuring, transfer)
    • Possible immediate effect on current tax; deferred tax changed according to the tax consequences of recovery or settlement
    • Effects in profit or loss, except those relating to items previously outside profit or loss
8

Measurement, rate effects and allocation

Calculations

IAS 12 §20IAS 12 §47IAS 12 §51AIAS 12 §52AIAS 12 §58IAS 12 §60IAS 12 §61AIAS 12 §63IAS 12 §65ASIC 25 §4

  • Deferred tax on existing differences at the old rate

    Calculation

    540,000

    Existing taxable differences at the date of the rate change (base) ; Rate used until now for deferred tax (%)

  • Deferred tax on existing differences at the new rate

    Calculation

    450,000

    Existing taxable differences at the date of the rate change (base) ; Rate expected on reversal, enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date (%)

  • Increase in deferred tax liability due to the rate change

    Calculation

    0

    Deferred tax on existing differences at the new rate ; − Deferred tax on existing differences at the old rate

  • Decrease in deferred tax liability due to the rate change

    Calculation

    90,000

    Deferred tax on existing differences at the new rate ; − Deferred tax on existing differences at the old rate

  • Portion of the increase allocated to other comprehensive income

    Calculation

    0

    Increase in deferred tax liability due to the rate change ; Split of the existing differences by origin (key: PROFIT_OR_LOSS or OCI) ; Row of the split isolated by the calculation

    Same teaching assumption as for the decrease: explicit allocation key of the case.

  • Portion of the increase allocated to profit or loss

    Calculation

    0

    Increase in deferred tax liability due to the rate change ; − Portion of the increase allocated to other comprehensive income

  • Portion of the decrease allocated to other comprehensive income

    Calculation

    30,000

    Decrease in deferred tax liability due to the rate change ; Split of the existing differences by origin (key: PROFIT_OR_LOSS or OCI) ; Row of the split isolated by the calculation

    Teaching assumption: split in proportion to the differences by origin. The rule (paras. 60 and 61A) requires following the original item; the allocation method in difficult cases (para. 63) is not taught as a rule: the key is an explicit case data.

  • Portion of the decrease allocated to profit or loss

    Calculation

    60,000

    Decrease in deferred tax liability due to the rate change ; − Portion of the decrease allocated to other comprehensive income

  • Deferred tax liability on the revaluation (in other comprehensive income)

    Calculation

    Increase from a revaluation recognised in other comprehensive income, without tax adjustment ; Rate expected on reversal, enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date (%)

    IFRS rule: difference on an asset revalued without tax adjustment (para. 20), tax allocated like the item, here in other comprehensive income (para. 61A). Case data: recognition of the revaluation in other comprehensive income; revalued land is measured on a sale basis (para. 51B).

  • Revaluation surplus net of tax

    Calculation

    Increase from a revaluation recognised in other comprehensive income, without tax adjustment ; Rate expected on reversal, enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date (%)

  • Deferred tax on the portion recovered through use

    Calculation

    Difference relating to the portion recovered through use (base for use) ; Rate applicable to use (%)

  • Deferred tax on the portion recovered through sale

    Calculation

    Difference relating to the portion recovered through sale (base for sale) ; Rate applicable to sale (%)

  • Deferred tax according to the expected manner of recovery

    Calculation

    0

    Deferred tax on the portion recovered through use ; Deferred tax on the portion recovered through sale

    Case data: rates and bases specific to use and to sale. IFRS rule: rate and base consistent with the expected manner (para. 51A).

  • Increase in deferred tax liability due to the change in status

    Calculation

    60,000

    Net deferred tax liability measured under the new status ; − Net deferred tax liability measured under the old status

    IFRS rule: effects in profit or loss, except those relating to items previously outside profit or loss (SIC-25 para. 4). Teaching assumption: differences arising in profit or loss; otherwise the effect follows the original item.

  • Decrease in deferred tax liability due to the change in status

    Calculation

    0

    Net deferred tax liability measured under the new status ; − Net deferred tax liability measured under the old status

  • Additional tax due to the distribution

    Calculation

    Dividend recognised as a liability (gross amount) ; Difference between the rate on distributed profits and the rate on undistributed profits (%)

    Case data: tax regime for distributions and rate difference. Teaching assumption: distributed profits generated by transactions recognised in profit or loss (para. 57A).

  • Withholding tax payable on behalf of the shareholders

    Calculation

    200,000

    Dividend recognised as a liability (gross amount) ; Rate of withholding tax on behalf of the shareholders (%)

  • Net dividend payable to the shareholders

    Calculation

    1,800,000

    Dividend recognised as a liability (gross amount) ; Rate of withholding tax on behalf of the shareholders (%)

  • Deferred tax expense of the period in profit or loss

    Calculation

    0

    Deferred tax liabilities at the end of the period ; − Deferred tax liabilities at the beginning of the period ; − Deferred tax assets at the end of the period ; Deferred tax assets at the beginning of the period ; − Net increase in deferred tax liability recognised outside profit or loss (other comprehensive income, equity, business combination) ; Net decrease in deferred tax liability recognised outside profit or loss

    Summary control, with no entry of its own: change in the net liability (liabilities − assets) less the amounts recognised outside profit or loss (para. 58). The entries above detail its causes.

  • Deferred tax income of the period in profit or loss

    Calculation

    0

    Deferred tax liabilities at the end of the period ; − Deferred tax liabilities at the beginning of the period ; − Deferred tax assets at the end of the period ; Deferred tax assets at the beginning of the period ; − Net increase in deferred tax liability recognised outside profit or loss (other comprehensive income, equity, business combination) ; Net decrease in deferred tax liability recognised outside profit or loss

9

Journal entries

Entries
  • Rate decrease: reduction of the liability split between profit or loss and other comprehensive income

    Entry

    AccountDebitCredit
    Deferred tax liability90,000
    Deferred tax income60,000
    Income tax on other comprehensive income30,000
  • Rate increase: portion allocated to profit or loss

    Entry

    Debit Deferred tax expense ← Portion of the increase allocated to profit or loss ; Credit Deferred tax liability ← Portion of the increase allocated to profit or loss

  • Rate increase: portion allocated to other comprehensive income

    Entry

    Debit Income tax on other comprehensive income ← Portion of the increase allocated to other comprehensive income ; Credit Deferred tax liability ← Portion of the increase allocated to other comprehensive income

  • Deferred tax on the revaluation

    Entry

    Debit Income tax on other comprehensive income ← Deferred tax liability on the revaluation (in other comprehensive income) ; Credit Deferred tax liability ← Deferred tax liability on the revaluation (in other comprehensive income)

  • Deferred tax liability measured according to the manner of recovery

    Entry

    Debit Deferred tax expense ← Deferred tax according to the expected manner of recovery ; Credit Deferred tax liability ← Deferred tax according to the expected manner of recovery

    Teaching assumption: liability arising in the period, with no opening balance; case data: fair value changes of the property recognised in profit or loss. An item outside profit or loss follows the allocation of the item.

  • Change in status: increase in the liability

    Entry

    AccountDebitCredit
    Deferred tax expense60,000
    Deferred tax liability60,000
  • Change in status: decrease in the liability

    Entry

    Debit Deferred tax liability ← Decrease in deferred tax liability due to the change in status ; Credit Deferred tax income ← Decrease in deferred tax liability due to the change in status

  • Tax consequence of the dividend in profit or loss

    Entry

    Debit Current tax expense ← Additional tax due to the distribution ; Credit Current tax liability ← Additional tax due to the distribution

  • Dividend declared and withholding tax on behalf of the shareholders

    Entry

    AccountDebitCredit
    Retained earnings2,000,000
    Dividends payable1,800,000
    Withholding tax payable200,000

    IFRS rule: withholding paid on behalf of the shareholders is charged to equity as part of the dividend (para. 65A). Case data: withholding rate.

10

Rate, manner of recovery and allocation

Judgment

IAS 12 §47IAS 12 §48IAS 12 §51IAS 12 §51AIAS 12 §51BIAS 12 §51CIAS 12 §57IAS 12 §57AIAS 12 §58IAS 12 §60IAS 12 §61AIAS 12 §63SIC 25 §4

  • Status of the rate retained at the reporting date

    JudgmentRequired

    Enacted rate

    Enacted rate / Substantively enacted rate / Announced rate not substantively enacted: old rate kept

    Professional judgement: substantive enactment assessed according to the legislative process of the jurisdiction of the case (para. 48).

  • Rationale: facts relied on, analysis, alternative rejected

    TextRequired

    FINANCE_ACT_PROMULGATED_BEFORE_CLOSING_PROPOSAL_IGNORED

  • Manner of recovery retained

    JudgmentRequired

    Recovery through use

    Recovery through use / Recovery through sale / Use then sale (combination) / Sale presumption applied (investment property at fair value) / Sale presumption rebutted

    Professional judgement based on the documented intentions and business model; rebuttal of the sale presumption follows the conditions of para. 51C.

  • Rationale: facts relied on, analysis, alternative rejected

    TextRequired

    TOOLING_OFFICE_BUILDING_AND_CENTRE_RECOVERED_THROUGH_USE

  • Allocation of deferred tax

    JudgmentRequired

    Split according to the origin of the differences (explicit allocation key of the case)

    In profit or loss / In other comprehensive income / Directly in equity / Split according to the origin of the differences (explicit allocation key of the case)

  • Rationale: facts relied on, analysis, alternative rejected

    TextRequired

    PRO_RATA_BY_ORIGIN_OF_DIFFERENCES

11

Conclusion

Conclusion
  • Measurement and allocation finalised, deferred tax expense in profit or loss and points submitted to the reviewer

    ConclusionRequired

12

Financial statement impact

FS impact
  • Impact by caption, derived from the entries above (the Notes line refers to the disclosures)

    TableRequired

13

Items passed on to the note

Disclosure

IAS 12 §81IAS 12 §82AIAS 12 §87AIAS 12 §87B

  • Information prepared

    ChecklistRequired

    • Tax relating to each component of other comprehensive income
    • Explanation of changes in the applicable tax rate compared with the previous period
    • Deferred tax recognised in profit or loss, by type of difference
    • Tax consequences of dividends proposed or declared before authorisation for issue, not recognised
    • Rate depending on distribution: nature of the potential tax consequences, features of the regime and determinable amounts
    • Total amount impracticable: readily determinable portions disclosed
14

Normative references

References
  • Paragraphs cited in this workpaper (verification status shown from the register)

    References

15

Checks and financial statement impact

  • The status of the rate is documentedPass
  • The manner of recovery is documentedPass
  • The allocation is documentedPass
  • The decrease is fully split between profit or loss and other comprehensive incomePass
  • The increase is fully split between profit or loss and other comprehensive incomePass
  • Increase in value = deferred tax + net revaluation surplusNot evaluated
  • The rate decrease entry balancesPass
  • The rate increase entry (profit or loss) balancesNot evaluated
  • The rate increase entry (other comprehensive income) balancesNot evaluated
  • The revaluation entry balancesNot evaluated
  • The manner of recovery entry balancesNot evaluated
  • The increase entry (status) balancesPass
  • The decrease entry (status) balancesNot evaluated
  • The dividend tax consequence entry balancesNot evaluated
  • The dividend and withholding entry balancesPass
Assets
0
Liabilities
1,970,000
Profit or loss
0
OCI
30,000
Equity
-1,970,000